Abstract: The invention relates to an isolated anti-CD45RC antibody for use in preventing or treating transplant rejection, autoimmune diseases, unwanted immune responses against proteins expressed in the course of gene therapy and/or therapeutic proteins, allergy as well as lymphoma or cancer which are associated with CD45RC+ cells. The invention relates to an isolated anti-CD45RC antibody for use in expanding and/or potentiating regulatory T cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to an isolated interleukin-34 (IL-34) polypeptide for use in preventing or treating graft rejection, autoimmune disease, unwanted immune response against therapeutic proteins and allergy. The invention also provides an in vitro method for determining whether a patient is at risk of transplant rejection, autoimmune diseases, unwanted immune response against therapeutic proteins or allergies, comprising a step of determining the expression level of IL-34 in a biological sample obtained from said patient, wherein the presence of IL-34 is indicative of a reduced risk of transplant rejection, autoimmune diseases, unwanted immune response against therapeutic proteins or allergies.

Abstract: The invention relates to an peptide derived from a polymorphic region of donor MHC class II molecules which induces tolerance and thus prevents transplant rejection in a patient in need thereof. The invention relates to isolated peptide of length ranging between 11 and 16 amino acids comprising the amino acid sequence: SDVGEYR (SEQ ID NO: 1) or a function-conservative variant thereof for use as drug. The invention relates to an in vitro method for determining whether a transplanted patient is tolerant, comprising a step of determining the presence of CD8+CD45RClow Tregs in a biological sample obtained from said transplanted patient, wherein the presence of CD8+CD45RClow Tregs is indicative of tolerance.

Abstract: The invention relates to an peptide derived from a polymorphic region of donor MHC class II molecules which induces tolerance and thus prevents transplant rejection in a patient in need thereof. The invention relates to an isolated peptide of 15 or 16 amino acids long that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence: REEYARFDSDVGEYR (SEQ ID NO: 1) or a function-conservative variant for use as drug. The invention relates to an in vitro method for determining whether a transplanted patient is tolerant, comprising a step of determining the presence of CD8+CD45RClow Tregs in a biological sample obtained from said transplanted patient, wherein the presence of CD8+CD45RClow Tregs is indicative of tolerance.