Abstract: The disclosure provides a gas permeable electrode and method for making the electrode to create diffusion pathways (or pores) in the metal electrode in a manner that is not destructive to delicate or soft sensing material. A first polymer, which is gas-permeable, is applied as a continuous coating over a surface of the sensing material. A second polymer that is immiscible with the first polymer is applied over a surface of the first polymer (e.g., spray-dry deposition of the second polymer) to form a micro-pattern or a polymeric template. The incompatibility/immiscibility between the first polymer and the second polymer leads to segregation of the second polymer into a pattern of discontinuous bumps, dots, islands or blobs on top of the first polymer. The porous electrode comprises at least one layer of an electrically conductive metal that is deposited over the first and second polymers.

Abstract: Spray-dried metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) comprising therapeutic and/or diagnostic metal ions and therapeutic and/or diagnostic organic ligands are described. Both the metal ion and organic ligand can have activity related to the treatment and/or diagnosis of a pulmonary disease or disorder, such as tuberculosis, or another disease related to a pulmonary infection. The MOFs can be adminstered to subjects via inhalation (e.g., as aerosols). Methods of treating and diagnosing pulmonary diseases or disorders are also described.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide reduction reaction electrocatalyst comprises a pyrolyzed copper-based metal-organic framework (MOF) that produces isopropanol from electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. A process for producing isopropanol from electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide comprises applying a potential in an electrochemical cell in the range of about ?2V to about ?3V versus a silver chloride electrode.

Abstract: Described herein is a catalytic reaction process including introducing one or more gas-phase reactants into a reactor comprising a microporous catalyst having a pore size less than or equal to 2 nm and adjusting the temperature and/or the pressure of the reactor such that one or more of the gas-phase reactants condense within the micropores of the catalyst thereby causing the catalytic reaction to take place in a liquid phase. Additionally, a process for engineering defects on a carboxylate-based metal organic framework (MOF) catalyst is described. The process includes providing a carboxylate-based MOF catalyst; and heating the carboxylate-based MOF catalyst in an inert gas atmosphere at temperatures between about 150° C. and about 900° C.

Abstract: A method, comprising i) contacting an aqueous solution of an organic ligand salt of the formula AX(L?X) with a mesoporous material (MPM) to form an impregnated mesoporous salt material of the formula AX(L?X)/MPM, ii) treating the impregnated mesoporous salt material with an aqueous acidic solution to form an impregnated mesoporous acid material of the formula HX(L?X)/MPM, iii) contacting an aqueous solution of a metal precursor of the formula M+y(B)y with the impregnated mesoporous acid material to form an impregnated mesoporous metal organic framework precursor of the formula [M+y(B)y][Hx(L?x)]/MPM, and iv) at least one of 1) heating the impregnated mesoporous metal organic framework precursor in the absence of a solvent or 2) exposing the impregnated mesoporous metal organic framework precursor to a volatile vapor in the absence of a solvent such that the heating or the exposing forms a hybrid material of the formula (M+yL?x)/MPM, wherein the hybrid material comprises a nano-crystalline metal organic framew

Abstract: A method, comprising i) contacting an aqueous solution of an organic ligand salt of the formula Ax(L-x) with a mesoporous material (MPM) to form an impregnated mesoporous salt material of the formula Ax(L-x)/MPM, ii) treating the impregnated mesoporous salt material with an aqueous acidic solution to form an impregnated mesoporous acid material of the formula Hx(L- x)/MPM, iii) contacting an aqueous solution of a metal precursor of the formula M+y(B)y with the impregnated mesoporous acid material to form an impregnated mesoporous metal organic framework precursor of the formula [M+y(B)y][Hx(L-x)]/MPM, and iv) at least one of 1) heating the impregnated mesoporous metal organic framework precursor in the absence of a solvent or 2) exposing the impregnated mesoporous metal organic framework precursor to a volatile vapor in the absence of a solvent such that the heating or the exposing forms a hybrid material of the formula (M+yL-x)/MPM, wherein the hybrid material comprises a nano-crystalline metal organic frame

Abstract: A metal organic framework (MOF)-polymer composite for detoxifying a chemical warfare agent (CWA) comprises MOF nanoparticles having catalytically active Lewis acid sites and at least one polymer having catalytically active basic sites. The composite is configured such that the at least one polymer is in surrounding relation to the MOF nanoparticles such that at least a portion of the Lewis acid sites of the MOF nanoparticles are in proximal relation to at least a portion of the basic sites of the at least one polymer thereby forming a plurality of proximal acid-base interfaces thus enabling a bifunctional catalytic mechanism for detoxifying the CWA. The MOF-polymer composite can provide CWA detoxification without the presence of a basic compound.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of making confined nanocatalysts within mesoporous materials (MPMs). The methods utilize solid state growth of nanocrystalline metal organic frameworks (MOFs) followed by controlled transformation to generate nanocatalysts in situ within the mesoporous material. The disclosure also provides applications of the nanocatalysts to a wide variety of fields including, but not limited to, liquid organic hydrogen carriers, synthetic liquid fuel preparation, and nitrogen fixation.

Abstract: Described herein is a nanostructured silicon carbonaceous composite material and methods for producing the same. The methods include formation of a metal organic framework/silica (MOF/SiO2) intermediate material and conversion of the MOF/SiO2 intermediate material to the nanostructured silicon carbonaceous composite material. Relatively inexpensive and/or recycled materials can be used as precursors in manufacturing the nanostructured silicon carbon composition material, which can be used in various applications, including as silicon anode material in a lithium-ion battery.

Abstract: Described herein is a catalytic reaction process including introducing one or more gas-phase reactants into a reactor comprising a microporous catalyst having a pore size less than or equal to 2 nm and adjusting the temperature and/or the pressure of the reactor such that one or more of the gas-phase reactants condense within the micropores of the catalyst thereby causing the catalytic reaction to take place in a liquid phase. Additionally, a process for engineering defects on a carboxylate-based metal organic framework (MOF) catalyst is described. The process includes providing a carboxylate-based MOF catalyst; and heating the carboxylate-based MOF catalyst in an inert gas atmosphere at temperatures between about 150° C. and about 900° C.

Abstract: A method for making a metal organic framework suspension is described herein. The method includes providing a hybrid material comprising a nano-crystalline metal organic framework comprising micropores and a mesoporous polymeric material comprising mesopores, wherein the nano-crystalline metal organic framework is homogeneously dispersed and substantially present only within the mesopores or void spaces of the mesoporous polymeric material; and wherein the hybrid material has a weight percentage of the metal organic framework in the range of 5-50% relative to the total weight of the hybrid material. The method includes contacting the hybrid material with a solvent in which the mesoporous polymeric material is soluble, thereby forming a polymeric solution in which the nano-crystalline metal organic framework is substantially homogeneously dispersed and suspended.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of making confined nanocatalysts within mesoporous materials (MPMs). The methods utilize solid state growth of nanocrystalline metal organic frameworks (MOFs) followed by controlled transformation to generate nanocatalysts in situ within the mesoporous material. The disclosure also provides applications of the nanocatalysts to a wide variety of fields including, but not limited to, liquid organic hydrogen carriers, synthetic liquid fuel preparation, and nitrogen fixation.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide reduction reaction electrocatalyst comprises a pyrolyzed copper-based metal-organic framework (MOF) that produces isopropanol from electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. A process for producing isopropanol from electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide comprises applying a potential in an electrochemical cell in the range of about ?2V to about ?3V versus a silver chloride electrode.

Abstract: A method, comprising i) contacting an aqueous solution of an organic ligand salt of the formula AX(L?X) with a mesoporous material (MPM) to form an impregnated mesoporous salt material of the formula AX(L?X)/MPM, ii) treating the impregnated mesoporous salt material with an aqueous acidic solution to form an impregnated mesoporous acid material of the formula HX(L?X)/MPM, iii) contacting an aqueous solution of a metal precursor of the formula M+y(B)y with the impregnated mesoporous acid material to form an impregnated mesoporous metal organic framework precursor of the formula [M+y(B)y][Hx(L?x)]/MPM, and iv) at least one of 1) heating the impregnated mesoporous metal organic framework precursor in the absence of a solvent or 2) exposing the impregnated mesoporous metal organic framework precursor to a volatile vapor in the absence of a solvent such that the heating or the exposing forms a hybrid material of the formula (M+yL?x)/MPM, wherein the hybrid material comprises a nano-crystalline metal organic framew