Abstract: A method and device for dispersing molten metal into fine particulate spray, the method comprises applying an electric current through the molten metal and simultaneously applying a magnetic field to the molten metal in a plane perpendicular to the electric current, whereby the molten metal is caused to form into droplets at an angle perpendicular to both the electric current and the magnetic field. The device comprises a structure for providing a molten metal, appropriately arranged electrodes for applying an electric current through the molten metal, and a magnet for providing a magnetic field in a plane perpendicular to the electric current.

Abstract: An electromagnetic pump and generator apparatus for electrically conductive fluids includes a conduit for containing the conductive fluid and apertures in the sides of the conduit. A fluid circuit is defined outside the conduit for containing a quantity of the conducting fluid and is configured so that the conducting fluid in the circuit is in fluid communication with the conducting fluid in the conduit. When used as a pump, a magnet produces a magnetic field across the conduit between the apertures and a device is employed to produce an electric current in the conducting fluid in the fluid circuit. Current in the conducting fluid in the fluid circuit flow across the conduit through the conducting fluid contained therein between the apertures. The current flowing across the conduit together with the magnetic field imparts a force on the conducting fluid in the conduit causing the fluid to be pumped.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for removal of nonelectrically-conducting gaseous, liquid, and particulate contaminants from molten metal compositions by applying a force thereto. The force (commonly referred to as the Lorentz Force) exerted by simultaneous application of an electric field and a magnetic field on a molten conductor causes an increase, in the same direction as the force, in the apparent specific gravity thereof, but does not affect the nonconducting materials. This difference in apparent densities cause the nonconducting materials to "float" in the opposite direction from the Lorentz Force at a rapid rate. Means are further provided for removal of the contaminants and prevention of stirring due to rotational forces generated by the applied fields.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic device a magnet arrangement is provided having an electromagnet and a permanent magnet, with the pole faces of the permanent magnet abutting the core of the electromagnet on both sides of the end portions of the coil of the electromagnet and the end portions of the core of the electromagnet forming or supporting the pole pieces of the magnet arrangement. The poles of the permanent magnet are adjacent the like poles of the electromagnet when the electromagnet is energized, and the maximum value of the energizing current of the electromagnet is sufficient but not greater than necessary for reaching the first practical saturation value of flux density in the pole ends of the core of the magnet arrangement with the permanent magnet removed therefrom.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating microwave radiation includes a cathode, comprising parallel side wall means, a first end wall and a second end wall parallel to the first end wall, which defines a space. An aperture is defined within each of the end walls. An elongated anode extends across the defined space and outwardly through the apertures. Free electrons are generated adjacent to the anode and a positive potential is applied between the cathode and the anode. Electrons are trapped in a surrounding relation with the anode and microwave radiation is generated. In an alternate embodiment, a pair of spaced-apart radial steps in the radius of the anode is used to replace the first and second end walls to form electrostatic mirrors for confining free electrons therebetween.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating microwave radiation includes a cathode, comprising parallel side wall means, a first end wall and a second end wall parallel to the first end wall, which defines a space. An aperture is defined within each of the end walls. An elongated anode extends across the defined space and outwardly through the apertures. Free electrons are generated adjacent to the anode and a positive potential is applied between the cathode and the anode. Electrons are trapped in a surrounding relation with the anode and microwave radiation is generated.

Abstract: A plasma switch comprising a substantially evacuated chamber, a generally tubular cathode disposed within the chamber, an elongated anode disposed concentrically within and projecting from the opposite ends of the cathode, the opposite ends of the cathode being substantially closed by an electrically conductive end plates, at least one of such end plates being electrically insulated from the cathode and from the anode, and circuit means for selectively connecting such end plate to the anode or to the cathode.