Abstract: A method of micro- and nanotexturing of various solid surfaces in plasma where carbon nanotubes are used as an etch mask. The method allows obtaining textures with feature sizes that can be controlled with the nanotube dimensions and the density of coating the treated surface.

Abstract: Field emission properties may also be improved by coating the carbon materials with metal oxides. These metal oxides contribute to lowering the work function of the carbon material as well as improve the life of the field emission properties of the carbon materials, especially under high current density operation.

Abstract: An optoelectronic modulator is based on the concentration of an electron beam from an electron gun by a tapered cavity, which sides are photosensitive and change the electrical conductivity under the illumination of light (electromagnetic radiation). The light modulation causes the corresponding changes in the current transported across the walls of the cavity. The remaining part of the electron current exits the cavity aperture and forms an amplitude-modulated divergent electron beam.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to assemblies of catalyst material on support material that function to reduce NOx to N2 and O2 at appropriate temperatures. The present invention is also directed to the manufacture and use of such assemblies. Such assemblies improve upon the prior art in that they utilize metal nanoparticles on nanostructured carbon fiber supports. The use of such nanoscale components affords greater catalytic activity per catalyst amount by virtue of the much greater surface area of both the catalyst and the support.

Abstract: A cathode includes a carbon nanotube layer, which is optimized with a low work function material, such as an alkali. The inclusion of the alkali material improves the field emission properties of the carbon nanotube layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assembly of small structures is disclosed. The present invention discloses electron beams created from one or more nanotips in an array operated in a field emission mode that can be controlled to apply heat to very well defined spots. The multiple electron beams may be generated and deflected and applied to electron beam heating and welding applications.

Abstract: A field emission cold cathode utilizes a film of carbon flake field emitters deposited thereon. The carbon flakes may exhibit rolled edges, but are still sufficient to provide improved field emission characteristics. A cold cathode using such carbon flake field emitters can be utilized to produce afield emission flat panel display, which can be implemented for use with a computer system.

Abstract: A cathode includes a carbon nanotube layer, which is optimized with a low work function material, such as an alkali. The inclusion of the alkali material improves the field emission properties of the carbon nanotube layer.

Abstract: The present invention is for a porous silicon powder comprising silicon particles wherein the outermost layers of said particles are porous. The present invention is also directed to a method of making this porous silicon powder using a stain etch method. The present invention is also directed to a method of making silicon nanoparticles from the porous silicon powders using a process of ultrasonic agitation. The present invention also includes methods of processing these silicon nanoparticles for use in a variety of applications.

Abstract: A transparent emissive display is created using a transparent anode and a transparent cathode so that images can be viewed from both sides of the field emission display panel. When the phosphor material emits the image, it can pass through the field emission material, if such a material is effectively made transparent by the manner in which it is deposited. The cathode conducting layer and the cathode substrate are thus also made transparent. Alternatively, multiple displays can be stacked together.

Abstract: An organic polymer is used to disperse nanoparticles, such as silicon nanoparticles. The polymer matrix separates the silicon nanoparticles from each other, thus preventing them from aggregating to form clusters. The resulting silicon nanoparticles can then photoluminescence at the desired wavelengths. Such a polymer matrix with evenly dispersed silicon nanoparticles can also be used within a solar cell to increase the efficiency of such solar cell.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward methods for incorporating low work function metals and salts of such metals into carbon nanotubes for use as field emitting materials. The present invention is also directed toward field emission devices, and associated components, comprising treated carbon nanotubes that have, incorporated into them, low work function metals and/or metal salts, and methods for making same. The treatments of the carbon nanotubes with the low work function metals and/or metal salts serve to improve their field emission properties relative to untreated carbon nanotubes when employed as a cathode material in field emission devices.

Abstract: Field emission characteristics of carbon films are improved by changing the conditions of the growth of the films, by adding nitrogen, or substitutes to the nitrogen for hydrogen, in the carbon film growth process. Resulting field emission cathodes exhibit better field emission characteristics because of the increased concentration of nitrogen within the film.

Abstract: Field emission characteristics of carbon films are improved by changing the conditions of the growth of the films, by adding nitrogen, or substitutes to the nitrogen for hydrogen, in the carbon film growth process. Resulting field emission cathodes exhibit better field emission characteristics because of the increased concentration of nitrogen within the film.

Abstract: A transparent emissive display is created using a transparent anode and a transparent cathode so that images can be viewed from both sides of the field emission display panel. When the phosphor material emits the image, it can pass through the field emission material, if such a material is effectively made transparent by the manner in which it is deposited. The cathode conducting layer and the cathode substrate are thus also made transparent. Alternatively, multiple displays can be stacked together.

Abstract: A cathode includes a carbon nanotube layer, which is optimized with a low work function material, such as an alkali. The inclusion of the alkali material improves the field emission properties of the carbon nanotube layer.