Abstract: A mold for manufacturing a crash pad including a lower mold, the lower mold configured to receive a scrim and having grooves formed thereon to correspond to a shape of an inner surface of the crash pad and a shape of an airbag chute, an upper mold configured to be received by the lower mold and formed to correspond to a shape of an outer surface of the crash pad, and scrim fixing cores configured to be received by the lower mold, the lower mold including a scrim seating portion on which the scrim is seated, the scrim fixing cores being configured to be disposed on both side surfaces of the scrim seating portion when received by the lower mold, and the scrim fixing cores being configured to fix the scrim while at least partially adjoining the scrim seating portion in being received by the lower mold.

Abstract: An off-road travel assistive device includes a receiver configured to receive travel data of a vehicle, and an estimator. The estimator includes a road surface severity estimator configured to estimate road surface severity data based on the travel data of the vehicle. The device also includes a stuck probability determiner configured to determine probability of a stuck state of the vehicle occurring using the travel data and the road surface severity data. The stuck probability determiner determines stuck probability using a meta-model.

Abstract: A method for preparing a sintered magnet is provided according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The method includes preparing a mixed powder by coating fluorides on a surface of magnetic powder, adding heavy rare earth hydrides to the mixed powder, and heating the mixed powder, wherein the magnetic powder includes rare earth element-iron-boron-based powder, and the fluorides include at least one of an organic fluoride or an inorganic fluoride.

Abstract: A method for preparing a metal powder includes preparing a mixture by mixing a fluoride of a group 1 element, a fluoride of a group 2 element or a transition metal fluoride, with neodymium oxide, boron, iron, and a reducing agent; and heating the mixture at a temperature of 800° C. to 1100° C.

Abstract: A method for preparing a sintered magnet is provided according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The method includes preparing a mixed powder by coating fluorides on a surface of magnetic powder, adding heavy rare earth hydrides to the mixed powder, and heating the mixed powder, wherein the magnetic powder includes rare earth element-iron-boron-based powder, and the fluorides include at least one of an organic fluoride or an inorganic fluoride.

Abstract: An embodiment includes an apparatus for controlling temperature of a substrate, an apparatus for treating a substrate comprising the same, and a method of controlling the same, which may control the temperature of the substrate by each area and not increasing the volume of the apparatus. The substrate temperature control apparatus comprises: a support plate for supporting a substrate; a plurality of heating units placed in different area of the substrate and controlling a temperature of the substrate by each area; a power supply unit for providing a power to control the temperature of the substrate; a switch unit connected between the plurality of heating units and the power supply unit, and obtaining one or more of a transistor device; and a controller for controlling a power which is supplied to each heating units by controlling unit.

Abstract: A method for preparing a metal powder includes preparing a mixture by mixing a fluoride of a group 1 element, a fluoride of a group 2 element or a transition metal fluoride, with neodymium oxide, boron, iron, and a reducing agent; and heating the mixture at a temperature of 800° C. to 1100° C.

Abstract: An embodiment includes an apparatus for controlling temperature of a substrate, an apparatus for treating a substrate comprising the same, and a method of controlling the same, which may control the temperature of the substrate by each area and not increasing the volume of the apparatus. The substrate temperature control apparatus comprises: a support plate for supporting a substrate; a plurality of heating units placed in different area of the substrate and controlling a temperature of the substrate by each area; a power supply unit for providing a power to control the temperature of the substrate; a switch unit connected between the plurality of heating units and the power supply unit, and obtaining one or more of a transistor device; and a controller for controlling a power which is supplied to each heating units by controlling unit.

Abstract: Provided are a process monitoring apparatus and method. The process monitoring apparatus includes a process chamber in which a process is performed, a probe assembly disposed on the process chamber, and comprising a probe electrode, a plasma generator generating plasma around the probe assembly, and a drive processor applying an alternating current (AC) voltage having at least 2 fundamental frequencies to the probe assembly, and extracting process monitoring parameters.