Abstract: A monolayer membrane containing gelling polymer particles having at least one of a basic functional group and an acidic functional group, and having a thickness of less than 5 ?m. A composite having a porous carrier and gelling polymer particles having at least any one of a basic functional group and an acidic functional group and filling up the surface pores of the porous carrier. The invention can provide a novel material capable of efficiently separating an acid gas from a mixed gas.

Abstract: A monolayer membrane containing gelling polymer particles having at least one of a basic functional group and an acidic functional group, and having a thickness of less than 5 ?m. A composite having a porous carrier and gelling polymer particles having at least any one of a basic functional group and an acidic functional group and filling up the surface pores of the porous carrier. The invention can provide a novel material capable of efficiently separating an acid gas from a mixed gas.

Abstract: A monolayer membrane containing gelling polymer particles having at least one of a basic functional group and an acidic functional group, and having a thickness of less than 5 ?m. A composite having a porous carrier and gelling polymer particles having at least any one of a basic functional group and an acidic functional group and filling up the surface pores of the porous carrier. The invention can provide a novel material capable of efficiently separating an acid gas from a mixed gas.

Abstract: A monolayer membrane containing gelling polymer particles having at least one of a basic functional group and an acidic functional group, and having a thickness of less than 5 ?m. A composite having a porous carrier and gelling polymer particles having at least any one of a basic functional group and an acidic functional group and filling up the surface pores of the porous carrier. The invention can provide a novel material capable of efficiently separating an acid gas from a mixed gas.

Abstract: An asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) cross-connect unit is used in an ATM communication system which includes at least two communication stations which may be coupled via a plurality of ATM cross-connect units.

Abstract: A switching apparatus for a switched network of the asynchronous transfer mode includes a path inspection control device connected to an input interface board, a switching network, and an output interface board. Cells for path inspection are supplied parallel to the input interface board; routing information is supplied to the switching network; the transmissions of the cells for path inspection are simultaneously switched accordingly; the cells for path inspection are delivered in parallel formation from the output interface board; the cells for path inspection delivered from the output interface board are compared with predetermined comparison data, and the routing information and the cells for path inspection or the comparison data are changed in synchronization with predetermined time signals.

Abstract: A system for monitoring an ATM cross-connecting apparatus by rewriting a VPI conversion table to various values, inputting a test cell, and examining the test cell after the test cell passes through the ATM cross-connecting apparatus. Entries of a VPI conversion table are accompanied by traffic flags indicating whether or not the corresponding entry is occupied for use for user's signals. First, the traffic flags are examined. Each entry not occupied for user's signals can be freely rewritten. Each entry occupied for user's signals is not rewritten. The examination of the test cell is carried out by comparing the test cell output from the ATM cross-connecting apparatus, with a reference cell which is expected from a normal operation of the ATM cross-connecting apparatus. The virtual path identifier converted in the ATM cross-connecting apparatus and contained in the output test cell, is expected corresponding to the above rewriting operations, and is contained in the reference cell.

Abstract: A switching trigger detection circuit is comprised of a selection unit, a memory unit, and first and second discrimination units. The memory unit stores switching trigger data of each of the line systems related to various switching trigger information at respective bit locations, and the selection unit sequentially specifies the bit location. The first and second discrimination units generate a fault occurrence signal and a fault recovery signal by watching the bit pattern of the switching trigger data stored in the memory unit. A shift of the bit locations is achieved along a guard time including a plurality of guard numbers, and each scan of the swtiching trigger data corresponds to each guard number. Further, the first and second discrimination units are comprised of logic gates to thereby assure a high speed discrimination.

Abstract: A communication system includes a plurality of stations, a first working line coupling adjacent stations among the plurality of stations, a second working line passing predetermined stations among the plurality of stations without dropping therein, and a protection line provided in common for the first working line and the second working line, a supervisory signal always passing through the protection line. Each of the stations includes an internal circuit for receiving an input transmission signal from the first working line and sending an output transmission signal to the first working line.

Abstract: A line protection switch equipment (LPSW) in a communication system, having a plurality of two-input and two-output switches connected between lines including a protection line and working lines, the switches being connected in series by a loop line which forms a loop, whereby by switching the switches connected to a faulty working line and to a protection line, the faulty working line is switched to become a protection line, and the former protection line becomes a working line.

Abstract: A line protection switching system of improved reliability decreases the time for protection line switching. In order to increase reliability, service signals are sent in parallel via a plurality of transmission lines, using a service bit area of PCM bit frames. The system switches a failed transmission line to a stand by line, at a local station where trouble is detected without waiting for the switching of an opposite station. At the same time, a switching command is sent to the opposite station. If the switching of the opposite station fails, the local station commands a retry of the switching operation. If it again fails, the local station returns the transmission line to the initial state. In addition, a low priority signal is transmitted through the stand by line, so that the total system operates more economically.

Abstract: A signal generator circuit for a television receiver employed in a videotex or CAPTAIN system comprises a reference signal oscillator for producing a reference signal and a synchronizing signal generator for generating a horizontal synchronization signal synchronized with the reference signal. A frequency divider is responsive to the reference signal for producing a color sub-carrier signal. A phase-locked loop is responsive to the sub-carrier signal and includes a voltage-controlled oscillator. The voltage-controlled oscillator produces an output signal synchronized with the sub-carrier signal and having a series of rising edges. A rising edge of the sub-carrier signal periodically coincides with a rising edge of the signal from the voltage-controlled oscillator.