Abstract: A metal ion-exchanged phosphorus-vanadium compound having an interlayer distance in the range of 7.0 to 8.2 Å and an ion exchange ratio of the divalent metal at least 20% obtained by treating vanadyl hydrogen orthophosphate hydrate represented by the formula (1) VOHPO4 .nH2O (1) wherein n fulfills the expression, 0<n≦2.0, with an aqueous divalent metal salt solution thereby effecting the exchange of N+ present between the layers of said vanadyl hydrogen orthophosphate hydrate, drying the resultant ion exchanged compound, and if necessary calcining the dried ion exchanged compound, a solid acid and a partial oxidation catalyst for hydrocarbons containing the compound.

Abstract: A method of preparing methacrolein and/or methacrylic acid by catalytic gas phase oxidation of isobutane in the presence of a catalyst, wherein said catalyst is a catalyst containing divanadyl pyrophosphate and represented by general formula (1)P.sub.a V.sub.b X.sub.c Y.sub.d Z.sub.e O.sub.x (1)wherein P, V, and O represent phosphorus, vanadium and oxygen, respectively; X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of cobalt and nickel; Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, cerium, zirconium, chromium, magnesium, tungsten, tin, hafnium, uranium, indium, cadmium, molybdenum, antimony, bismuth, rhodium, silver and sulfur; Z represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidium, cesium and thallium; a, b, c, d, e, and x represent atomic ratios, respectively, provided that when a is 1, b is 0.2 to 2, c is 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of maleic anhydride by the vapor phase catalytic oxidation of n-butane with molecular oxygen by the use of a specially prepared phosphorus vanadium-oxygen composite catalyst containing specific kind of a divalent metal. The catalyst used in the present invention is prepared from a mixture of vanadyl hydrogen orthophosphate and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a divalent metal hydrogen orthophosphate (Divalent metal is selected from Mg, Ca, Ba, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn.), a divalent metal ammonium orthophosphate (Divalent metal is the same as above.), and a divalent metal orthophosphate (Divalent metal is the same as above.), with the atomic ratio of the divalent metal/vanadium of 0.003-0.5, by calcining the mixture at 300.degree.-400.degree. C., and then pretreating said catalyst in an inert gas or a mixed gas containing n butane and molecular oxygen at 350.degree.-700.degree. C.

Abstract: A catalyst is herein disclosed, which comprises a mixture of a composition (1) represented by the following general formula (1):(Mo).sub.a (Bi).sub.b (Fe).sub.c (X).sub.d (Z).sub.f (O).sub.g (1)(wherein X represents one or both of Ni and Co, Z represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of W, Be, Mg, S, Ca, Sr, Ba, Te, Se, Ce, Ge, Mn, Zn, Cr, Ag, Sb, Pb, As, B, P, Nb, Cu, Cd, Sn, Al, Zr and Ti, a, b, c, d, f and g each represents an atomic ratio of each corresponding element and if a is assumed to be 12, b ranges from 0.1 to 10, c ranges from 0 to 20, d ranges from 0 to 20 and f ranges from 0 to 4 and g is a number of oxygen atom required for satisfying the valency requirement of the foregoing elements) and a composition (2) represented by the following general formula (2):(A).sub.m (Mo).sub.n (O).sub.p (2)(wherein A represents at least one element selected from K, Rb and Cs and m, n and p each represents an atomic ratio and if m is assumed to be 2, n ranges from 1 to 9 and p is 3n+1).

Abstract: This invention provides a method for producing methacrylic acid by the use of a catalyst having activity for methacrolein oxidation and superior thermal resistance and capable of preparation with good reproducibility.Methacrylic acid is produced by allowing methacrolein and an oxygen-containing gas to undergo a catalytic gas phase oxidative reaction in the presence of a catalyst containing divanadyl pyrophosphate as an active ingredient. It is allowed that some of the vanadium atoms in the above catalyst are pentavalent or all of the vanadium atoms have been oxidized into pentavalent vanadium ions.In addition, the above catalyst can be produced from an oxide of vanadium and an oxyacid of phosphorus and has higher catalytic activity when it contains 0.001 to 40 mole % excess phosphorus as calculated in phosphoric acid equivalent. The compound VO(H.sub.2 PO.sub.4).sub.2 is preferable for an excess of phosphorus.

Abstract: A method for preparing methacrolein comprises subjecting isobutylene or a tertiary butanol to gas phase catalytic oxidation with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalyst which comprises a mixture of a composition (I) represented by the following general formula I:Mo.sub.a Bi.sub.b Fe.sub.c X.sub.d Y.sub.e Z.sub.f O.sub.g Iwherein X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni and Co; Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of K, Rb, Cs and Tl; Z represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of those belonging to Group 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 of Periodic Table in accordance with IUPAC nomenclature (1989); and a, b, c, d, e, f and g each represents an atomic ratio of each corresponding element, when a is assumed to be 12, b is 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for controlling the degree of dispersion of a catalyst active component in the preparation of a metal/carrier solid catalyst, which comprises dry-blending an ultra-fine single crystal carrier material and an active component metal material, molding the blend, heating and maintaining the molded body in an inert gas at a temperature higher than and close to the melting point of the active component metal material, and heat-treating the molded body in the same atmosphere gas at a temperature higher than the decomposition temperature of the active component metal material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a perovskite-type oxide catalyst. The process comprises the steps of reacting an aqueous solution containing plural metal salts, such as chloride, sulfate, nitrate, etc., and an aqueous solution of a neutralizer such as alkali carbonate, alkali hydroxide, ammonia, etc., so as to cause coprecipitation of neutral salts and firing the coprecipitated salts to provide a perovskite-type oxide. At least one organic substance selected from the group consisting of cellulose, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, gelatin and saccharide is added prior to the firing step. The addition of the organic substance makes possible the attainment of a highly active perovskite-type oxide catalyst composed of very fine particles (primary particles).

Abstract: A process for preparing hydrocarbons having at least two carbon atoms by bringing a methane-containing gas maintained at a temperature of 500.degree. to 1500.degree. C. into contact with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst to effect oxidative coupling, using a catalyst comprising (1) a single-crystal, high-purity, and ultra-fine powdery magnesium oxide obtained by the gas-phase method, and (2) an alkali metal oxide.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydrocarbons having at least two carbon atoms by bringing a methane-containing gas maintained at a temperature of 500 to 1500.degree. C. into contact with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst to effect oxidative coupling, using a catalyst comprising (1) a single-crystal, high-purity, and ultra-fine powdery magnesium oxide obtained by the gas-phase method, and (2) an alkali metal oxide.