Abstract: A laparoscopic defogging apparatus for regulating and maintaining the temperature of a lens and end portion of the laparoscope is disclosed. A receptacle is provided which contains a first sterile fluid at a sufficient depth to allow the lens and end portion of the laparoscope to be placed in thermal contact with the first sterile fluid. A container is provided into which the receptacle is placed, which container is adapted to receive and contain a second sterile fluid at a sufficient depth to provide thermal contact with at least a part of the receptacle side wall portion. A heating device is provided to heat the sterile fluids whereby the laparoscope is maintained at a constant desired temperature, thereby preventing lens fogging.

Abstract: A generally sickle shaped needle having a short shank is disclosed. An optional perpendicularly aligned grooved needle holder may be utilized in combination with the needle to rapidly close deeply lying trocared fascial wounds to prevent sequela and hernia formation after laparascopic surgery.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for dilating the Sphincter of Oddi comprising a flexible cylindrical catheter with an expandible tip to allow verification of its location by outside palpitation and a plurality of hollow flexible dilators which are slidingly inserted coaxialy over the catheter to stretch the Sphincter to the desired extent, each dilater comprising an enlarged tip portion, a shaft portion and a tail or handle portion finned to accommodate the user.

Abstract: An endoscopically guided novel naso-intestinal tube for intubation of the duodenum comprising a hollow flexible member, circumferentially mounted mercury bag and a series of drainage ports which is used in a novel intubation process to result in intubation of the duodenum without need of radiation and with minimal patient discomfort.