Abstract: The present invention relates to: a negative electrode active material including silicon-based composite particles containing SiOx (0<x<2) and a MgSiO3 phase, wherein the MgSiO3 phase includes a first MgSiO3 phase having an enstatite structure and a second MgSiO3 phase having a clinoenstatite structure at a weight ratio of 1:1 to 1:5; a negative electrode including the same; and a secondary battery including the negative electrode.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method of generating a downlink frame. The method of generating the downlink frame includes: generating a first short sequence and a second short sequence indicating cell group information; generating a first scrambling sequence and a second scrambling sequence determined by the primary synchronization signal; generating a third scrambling sequence determined by the first short sequence and a fourth scrambling sequence determined by the second short sequence; scrambling the short sequences with the respective scrambling sequences; and mapping the secondary synchronization signal that includes the first short sequence scrambled with the first scrambling sequence, the second short sequence scrambled with the second scrambling sequence and the third scrambling sequence, the second short sequence scrambled with the first scrambling sequence and the first short sequence scrambled by the second scrambling sequence and the fourth scrambling sequence to a frequency domain.

Abstract: A compact superposed modulated signal generator for use in a digital transmission system for transmitting digital information, including a first filter for converting an input NRZ digital data signal into a double interval raised cosine pulse, a second filter for converting the input NRZ digital data into a single interval raised cosine pulse, an attenuator for attenuating the signal output from the second filter, an adder/subtracter for superposing a signal generated by the first filter with a signal controlled by the attenuator, and a third filter for controlling the bandwidth of a signal superposed by the adder/subtracter. The compact superposed modulated signal generator can be used in a satellite communication system, a mobile radio system, and terrestrial microwave communication links.

Abstract: A state metric quantity memory which enhances processing speed by reconstructing the state metric quantity memory employed in a viterbi decoder for correcting errors created in a digital transmission channel, includes first delay means for storing a previous state metric quantity, second delay means for storing the current state metric quantity, first switching means which operates to make the first delay means store the current state metric quantity, second switching means which operates to make the second delay means store the previous state metric quantities, third switching means connecting the output signals of the first and second delay means to the input terminal of the add compare selector, and fourth switching means for sequentially supplying a clock signal having a basic period so that the first and second delay means store each state metric quantity, thereby reducing delay time of input data and enhancing data processing speed.