Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method for discriminating between two types of encoding schemes for the frame control header (FCH) used in G3-type narrow band OFDM communications. The two modes for encoding are Differential with respect to the previous Symbol (DS) and Differential with respect to the Preamble (DP). This mode is sometimes referred to as “coherent” mode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to distortion-tolerant split ring pliers (100) for a wide range of applications, the multipurpose pliers including a pivot section (20), a pair of handle sections (30A, 30B) connected to the pivot section (20) on one direction, and a pair of lever sections (10A, 10B) connected to the pivot section (20) on an opposite direction to the one direction, wherein at least one of the pair of handle sections (30A, 30B) and the pair of lever sections (10A, 10B) includes distortion prevention parts (16, 31) adjacent to the pivot section (20), and the distortion prevention parts (16, 31) are formed such that a pair of partial circular plates (16A, 16B; 31A, 31B) face each other.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide multiple cyclic prefix lengths for either both the data-payload and frame control header or only the data payload. Frame control header (FCH) and data symbols have an associated cyclic prefix. A table is transmitted in the FCH symbols, which includes a cyclic prefix field to identify the cyclic prefix length used in the data payload. A receiver may know the cyclic prefix length used in the FCH symbols in one embodiment. In other embodiments, the receiver does not know the FCH cyclic prefix length and, therefore, attempts to decode the FCH symbols using different possible cyclic prefix lengths until the FCH symbols are successfully decoded.

Abstract: A PLC network system and method operative with OFDM for generating MIMO frames with suitable preamble portions configured to provide backward compatibility with legacy PLC devices and facilitate different receiver tasks such as frame detection and symbol timing, channel estimation and automatic gain control (AGC), including robust preamble detection in the presence of impulsive noise and frequency-selective channels of the PLC network. A PLC device may include a delayed correlation detector and a cross-correlation detector operating in concert to facilitate preamble detection in one implementation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to multipurpose pliers including a pivot section (20), a handle section (30) connected to the pivot section (20) on one direction, and a pair of lever sections (10A, 10B) connected to the pivot section (20) on an opposite direction to the one direction, wherein the lever sections (10A, 10B) include a split ring insertion part (11), the split ring insertion part (11) includes a bottom support portion (11B) protruding in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal axis (L-axis) of the multipurpose pliers at an end of a direction facing away from the pivot section on one (10A) of the pair of lever sections, a tapered portion (11A) extending in the perpendicular direction from top of the bottom support portion (11B) and gradually narrowing to a tip, a convex forming portion (11C) formed on a side surface toward the pivot section of the tapered portion (11A) and the bottom support portion (11B), a concave forming portion (11 D) formed at an end of the other (10B) of the pair of lever

Abstract: A method of encoding a set of L bits for transmission on a transmission band through a transmission medium is provided, wherein L is a positive integer that is greater than 1. The method includes: mapping, via a mapping component, the L bits into M symbols; dividing, via a first dividing component, the transmission band into sub-bands; allocating, via an allocating component, the M symbols to individual sub-bands, respectively, for transmission at a first time; and allocating, via the allocating component, the M symbols to different individual sub-bands, respectively, for transmission at a second time.

Abstract: A smart utility network (SUN) device that includes an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based transmitter. The OFDM-based transmitter including a signal processor to convert data from a frequency-domain to a time-domain using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and configured to perform a time-domain windowing function based on a Hanning window on OFDM symbols.

Abstract: A method of encoding a data signal is disclosed. The method includes selecting a set of M ultrasonic frequencies, wherein each of the M ultrasonic frequencies differs from an adjacent frequency by at least a first frequency spacing, and wherein M is a positive integer. The method further includes forming a trellis matrix and encoding the data signal with the trellis matrix to form a set of Q of the M ultrasonic frequencies, wherein Q is a positive integer less than M, and wherein a minimum frequency separation between any pair of the Q frequencies of the set is greater than the first frequency spacing.

Abstract: A method of operating a communication system is disclosed. The method includes forming a data frame having plural orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) symbols. A first set of preamble subcarriers is allocated to at least one of the OFDM symbols. A second set of data subcarriers is allocated to said at least one of the OFDM symbols.

Abstract: Apparatus (and related methods) for a power line communication network include a processor configured to receive beacons over a communication interface. The processor determines a link quality indicator (LQI) for each received beacon and ignores the beacons for at most a predetermined maximum number of beacon receptions when each LQI is below a threshold. The processor responds to a received beacon if the LQI for such received beacon exceeds the threshold or if a predetermined maximum number of beacons have been received with LQIs below the threshold.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide multiple cyclic prefix lengths for either both the data-payload and frame control header or only the data payload. Frame control header (FCH) and data symbols have an associated cyclic prefix. A table is transmitted in the FCH symbols, which includes a cyclic prefix field to identify the cyclic prefix length used in the data payload. A receiver may know the cyclic prefix length used in the FCH symbols in one embodiment. In other embodiments, the receiver does not know the FCH cyclic prefix length and, therefore, attempts to decode the FCH symbols using different possible cyclic prefix lengths until the FCH symbols are successfully decoded.

Abstract: A PLC network system and method operative with OFDM for generating MIMO frames with suitable preamble portions configured to provide backward compatibility with legacy PLC devices and facilitate different receiver tasks such as frame detection and symbol timing, channel estimation and automatic gain control (AGC), including robust preamble detection in the presence of impulsive noise and frequency-selective channels of the PLC network. A PLC device may include a delayed correlation detector and a cross-correlation detector operating in concert to facilitate preamble detection in one implementation.

Abstract: A device coupled to a noisy channel having periodic impulse noise in a network may estimate an effective signal to noise ratio (SNR) by receiving a packet of symbols. The device may determined a number of bad symbols N(bad) ratio in the packet due to interference and a remaining plurality of good symbols in the packet. An SNR value may be computed based on only the plurality of good symbols in the packet of symbols to form an SNR(good) value. An SNR correction value (SNR(offset)) may be determined as a function of the N(bad) ratio and the SNR(good) value. An effective SNR value may then be calculated by adjusting the SNR(good) value according to SNR(offset).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to multipurpose pliers including a pivot section (20), a handle section (30) connected to the pivot section (20) on one direction, and a pair of lever sections (10A, 10B) connected to the pivot section (20) on an opposite direction to the one direction, wherein the lever sections (10A, 10B) include a split ring insertion part (11), the split ring insertion part (11) includes a bottom support portion (11B) protruding in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal axis (L-axis) of the multipurpose pliers at an end of a direction facing away from the pivot section on one (10A) of the pair of lever sections, a tapered portion (11A) extending in the perpendicular direction from top of the bottom support portion (11B) and gradually narrowing to a tip, a convex forming portion (11C) formed on a side surface toward the pivot section of the tapered portion (11A) and the bottom support portion (11B), a concave forming portion (11 D) formed at an end of the other (10B) of the pair of lever

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a diagnostic marker for breast cancer, having thioredoxin-1 as an active ingredient, and to a diagnostic kit for breast cancer using the same. The thioredoxin-1 is overexpressed in human breast cancer tissue so as to enable the early diagnosis of breast cancer or the early prediction prognosis of breast cancer, and therefore has a valuable use as a diagnostic marker for breast cancer. The present disclosure further relates to a method for the diagnosis of breast cancer comprising measuring serum thioredoxin 1 level. In addition, the method is useful in the early diagnosis of breast cancer thanks to its high diagnostic sensitivity and selectivity.

Abstract: Phase detection between service nodes in a as “PRIME” (“PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution”) communications network, in which the service nodes are connected to one phase of a three-phase power distribution network. A service node joining a sub-network receives packet data units from other service nodes in the sub-network, including those that can potentially serve as a switch node to which the joining service node can register. The joining service node measures an elapsed time between a zero crossing of the AC power waveform at its phase and the start of a frame in the received packet data units. This elapsed time is compared with a similar zero crossing gap communicated by other service nodes in the packet data units, to identify the relative phases to which the two service nodes are connected.