Abstract: Provided are a solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same. The method includes implanting impurities of a second conductivity type opposite to a first conductivity type into a front surface of a semiconductor substrate of the first conductivity type to form an emitter layer, forming a mask layer on the emitter layer, patterning the mask layer by coating etching paste on a portion of the mask layer where a front electrode will be formed, implanting high-concentration impurities into the portion of the mask layer where the front electrode will be formed to form a heavily doped region, removing the remaining mask layer, forming an anti-reflective coating (ARC) on the emitter layer, forming the front electrode on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, and forming a rear electrode on a rear surface of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating mucus hypersecretion in airways or chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs), the pharmaceutical composition including an epidermal growth factor (EGF) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In addition, a combined preparation capable of respectively administering the pharmaceutical composition and chemotherapeutics is provided.

Abstract: A display device is provided including a display panel for displaying an image and a backlight panel for providing light to the display panel. The backlight panel includes a vacuum chamber including a first substrate, a second substrate, and a sealing member. Cathode electrodes are on a side of the first substrate along a first direction with a gap between each other. Gate electrodes are between the cathode electrodes. Electron emission regions are at either sides of the cathode electrodes facing the gate electrodes. A diffusion electrode is above the cathode electrodes and the gate electrodes. An insulator is between the diffusion electrode and the cathode electrodes and between the diffusion electrode and the gate electrodes. Openings are in the diffusion electrode for exposing the electron emission regions. A light emitting unit is on the second substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for selecting one of a plurality of relay modes in a wireless communication system are provided. The method includes checking a channel state between a Mobile Station (MS) and each of at least one Relay Station (RS), selecting the relay mode for supporting a relay service using the determined channel state between the MA and each of the at least one RS, and providing the relay service to the MS using the selected relay mode. Thus, system throughput and outage performance can be enhanced by using the appropriate relay mode based on the MS distribution or the channel condition.

Abstract: A method for performing handover in a dual-mode terminal is disclosed. The method for performing handover in a dual-mode terminal includes receiving an Internet Protocol (IP) packet from a personal computer (PC), and transmitting the received IP packet to a serving network; upon receiving a handover message from the serving network, stopping reception of the IP packet from the PC; forwarding residual packets from a first processor corresponding to the serving network to a second processor corresponding to a target network; upon handover completion and completion of the forwarding of the residual packets, restarting reception of the IP packet from the PC; and transmitting the residual packets to the target network.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing inter-RAT measurement in a dual modem device are disclosed. A method for processing inter-RAT measurement in a dual modem device includes receiving, by a first processor communicating with a first communication network, a measurement control signal including a parameter for signal measurement from the first communication network; transmitting, by the first processor, timing information based on a system frame number (SFN) and a global time to a second processor; acquiring time synchronization for the inter-RAT measurement between the first processor and the second processor on the basis of the system frame number (SFN) and the global time; transmitting the parameter from the first processor to the second processor; and measuring, by the second processor, a signal of a second communication network using the parameter.

Abstract: A sliding roof for a convertible vehicle may include front, middle, and rear roofs, guide rails for sliding the front, middle, and rear roofs, and lift links for lifting the front and rear roofs such that the guide rail of the middle roof slides toward the guide rail of the rear roof and packaged adjacent to the rear of the vehicle. The sliding roof may include a latch which fixes a side pillar of the front roof to a windshield frame during operation of a sunroof and fixes the side pillar to the sunroof during packaging of the roof, thus ensuring the space of a rear seat of the vehicle.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a substrate, cathode electrodes formed on the substrate, electron emission regions electrically coupled to the cathode electrodes, an insulation layer formed on the substrate while covering the cathode electrodes, and gate electrodes formed on the insulation layer and crossing the cathode electrodes. One or more gate holes are formed at each of crossing regions of the gate electrodes and the cathode electrodes through the insulation layer and the gate electrodes. At least one of the cathode electrodes includes at least two openings divided by a bridge. The at least two openings divided by the bridge are formed on each exposed region of the cathode electrodes through the gate holes. A corresponding one of the electron emission regions contacts the bridge and extends toward the walls of at least one of the openings but is spaced away from the cathode electrodes.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for setting a navigation screen update cycle in a mobile terminal are provided. In the method, at least one of a velocity of the mobile terminal and a map scale used by the mobile terminal is obtained. A screen update cycle is set with consideration of the at least one of the velocity and the map scale. A navigation screen display is updated according to the set screen update cycle.

Abstract: A seat belt device for a vehicle includes a buckle head mounted on a seat and designed to couple with a tongue and a carriage unit allowing the buckle head to be displaced in horizontal and vertical directions of the seat so that the buckle head and the tongue are easily coupled to or decoupled from each other when a belt is fastened or unfastened. The seat belt device facilitates fastening of a seat belt more conveniently by allowing for the horizontal and vertical displacement of a buckle head.

Abstract: A method and apparatus generating and tracing a cleaning trajectory of a home cleaning robot the method including: controlling the home cleaning robot to straightly travel as much as a set distance from the docking station and then rotationally travel, maintaining the set distance from the docking station, until the home cleaning robot reaches one of two walls; controlling the home cleaning robot to travel as much as the set distance along the wall if the home cleaning robot reaches the wall and resume rotational-traveling around the docking station, maintaining a distance between the docking station and the home cleaning robot increased by the set distance until it reaches one of the two walls; and repeatedly controlling the home cleaning robot to travel as much as the set distance along the wall if the home cleaning robot reaches the wall and resume rotational-traveling around the docking station, maintaining a distance between the docking station and the home cleaning robot increased by the set distance un

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for receiving audio signals using a Bluetooth, which is connected to an amplifier through a microphone line, searches and connects a connectable Bluetooth device when power is supplied, receives audio signals from the connected Bluetooth device, converts the received and processed digital audio signals into analogue audio signals and outputs the converted analogue audio signals to the amplifier through a microphone line connected to a connector unit, and it is possible to widen the user's range of activities, free the user's action and remove the fatigue due to the weight of the wire microphone since it can conduct the function of the wire microphone by connecting a Bluetooth audio receiver having the same connector type as the wire microphone with a connector for connecting the wire microphone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant vector for transcription of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genome, a strain of attenuated recombinant NDV with a surface antigen of pathogenic NDV prepared by the vector, a method of preparing a recombinant NDV having low pathogenicity and high protectivity efficiency against Newcastle disease (ND) using the vector, and a vaccine against ND containing the recombinant NDV.

Abstract: A cancellous bone graft substitute and a method of manufacturing the cancellous bone graft substitute are provided, and more particularly, a cancellous bone graft substitute and a method of manufacturing the cancellous bone graft substitute by which defatting, demineralizing, cleaning, and sterilizing processes are performed within a short time using a supersonic cabitation without damaging a surface and an inside of a bone tissue so as to further rapidly, effectively supply an allogeneic or xenogeneic bone graft substitute. Internal and external concentrations of Ca++ of the allogeneic or xenogeneic bone graft substitute are effectively removed so as to maintain physical properties of the allogenetic or xenogeneic bone graft substitute.

Abstract: An electron emission display and method of fabricating a mesh electrode structure for the same. The electron emission display includes: an electron emission substrate having an electron emission region; a mesh electrode structure including a mesh electrode having an opening, through which electrons emitted from the electron emission region can pass, and a mesh electrode insulating layer formed at one side of the mesh electrode using a direct printing method; and an image forming substrate having an image forming region for emitting light by the emitted electrons. The method improves voltage resistance characteristics between the gate or cathode electrode and the mesh electrode, and eliminates the need for a lower spacer.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes: a substrate; first and second electrodes insulated from each other and having a predetermined shape on the substrate, at least one of the first and second electrodes being formed with a fine mesh pattern; and an electron emission region formed on the substrate and connected to one of the first and second electrodes. Furthermore, an electron emission display includes: first and second substrate arranged opposite to each other; first and second electrodes insulated from each other and having a predetermined shape on the first substrate, at least one of the first and second electrodes being formed with a fine mesh pattern; an electron emission region formed on the first substrate and connected to one of the first and second electrodes; and an image displaying portion including an anode electrode and a fluorescent layer arranged on the second substrate.

Abstract: Provided are a channel switching method for effectively performing channel switching in a cognitive radio system while protecting an incumbent user, a method of managing a frequency channel, and a base station and customer premises equipment (CPE) using the methods. In the channel switching method performed by the base station, a currently unavailable first frequency channel is detected from among at least one uplink/downlink frequency channel which is set as a communication channel with the CPE; a channel switching request message requesting switching from the first frequency channel to a second frequency channel is transmitted to the CPE; and the first frequency channel is switched to the second frequency channel when a channel switching report message reporting that channel switching is to be performed in response to the channel switching request message is received from the CPE.

Abstract: A light emission device for simplifying a structure of an electron emission unit and a manufacturing process thereof is provided. A display device using the light emission device as a light source is also provided. The light emission device includes a vacuum panel having a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other. A sealing member is between the first and second substrates. Recesss portions each have a depth into a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate. Cathode electrodes are in corresponding recesses. Electron emission regions are on corresponding cathode electrodes. A gate electrode is fixed at one side of the first substrate at a distance from the electron emission regions. A light emission unit is at one side of the second substrate. The gate electrode includes a mesh unit having openings for passing through an electron beam and a supporting member surrounding the mesh unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus allowing a mobile robot to return to a designated location the method including: calculating a first direction angle of the mobile robot at a second location arrived at after the mobile robot travels a predetermined distance from the first location; determining whether the mobile robot approaches or moves away from the designated location, at a third location arrived at after the mobile robot rotates by the first direction angle and then travels a predetermined distance; and if the result of the determination indicates that the mobile robot approaches the docking station, controlling the mobile robot to travel according to the first direction angle, and if the result indicates the mobile robot moves away from the docking station, calculating a second direction angle of the mobile robot at the third location, and controlling the mobile robot to travel according to the second direction angle.

Abstract: A display device is provided including a display panel for displaying an image and a backlight panel for providing light to the display panel. The backlight panel includes a vacuum chamber including a first substrate, a second substrate, and a sealing member. Cathode electrodes are on a side of the first substrate along a first direction with a gap between each other. Gate electrodes are between the cathode electrodes. Electron emission regions are at either sides of the cathode electrodes facing the gate electrodes. A diffusion electrode is above the cathode electrodes and the gate electrodes. An insulator is between the diffusion electrode and the cathode electrodes and between the diffusion electrode and the gate electrodes. Openings are in the diffusion electrode for exposing the electron emission regions. A light emitting unit is on the second substrate.