Abstract: Disclosed herein is a surgical navigation instrument having a temperature sensor. The surgical navigation instrument can easily perform an autoclave action to remove microorganisms using saturated steam with respect to a part which can be contaminated during treatment, and enhance convenience in replacement of a grip part and the electrodes of the handpiece which are consumables, since a handpiece and electrodes are detachably screw-coupled with each other.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a surgical navigation instrument having a needle electrode depth adjusting structure for detecting impedance and a high frequency energy control method using the same. The present invention can detect impedance of tissues while applying a pilot signal to an electrode of a high frequency needle according to impedance conditions of the tissues to detect impedance of the tissues, and determine an applied amount of high frequency energy output to high frequency needles according to the detected impedance, thereby reducing patients' pains, maximizing treatment effect, and reducing treatment time according to high frequency energy applied to various depths at the same treatment point when performing a surgical procedure with the same or different treatment parameters according to disease symptoms while selecting the insertion number of high frequency needles, which can be adjusted in penetration depth, into the skin.

Abstract: A semiconductor device, a test structure of the semiconductor device, and a method of testing the semiconductor device are provided. The test structure including a first pad and a second pad being separated from each other, and a first test element and a second test element connected between the first pad and the second pad, a first value of a characteristic parameter of the first test element being different from a second value of the characteristic parameter of the second test element, may be provided.

Abstract: A semiconductor device, a test structure of the semiconductor device, and a method of testing the semiconductor device are provided. The test structure including a first pad and a second pad being separated from each other, and a first test element and a second test element connected between the first pad and the second pad, a first value of a characteristic parameter of the first test element being different from a second value of the characteristic parameter of the second test element, may be provided.

Abstract: A portable battery recharger, together with the battery, provides a secure connection between the battery and the recharger when the battery is being recharged. A locking groove formed on the side of the battery and a rotatable locking member hold the battery in place during recharging. A sliding slide with a grip is used to operate the locking member so as to disengage the battery when recharging is complete. A door is formed over the enclosure of the recharging case when the battery is not being recharged. Upon insertion of the battery into the recharger, the door opens to accommodate the battery. The charging device and the battery in accordance with this invention strengthens the force of attachment between the battery to the charging device. The door to the charging device prevents dust from entering the case of the charging device when the battery is not mounted.