Abstract: A method and apparatus for establishing a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) connection between Mobile Stations (MSs) in a wireless communication system are provided. A method of operating a transmitting MS for establishing the P2P connection between the MSs in the wireless communication system includes when a location of a receiving MS is not known, requesting a Base Station (BS) to transmit a message instructing MSs to prepare for P2P setup, and thereafter, broadcasting to neighbor MSs a message requesting P2P-related information, receiving the P2P-related information from each of the neighbor MSs, generating a list of MSs capable of P2P communication using the received P2P-related information, and establishing a P2P connection by selecting the receiving MS from the list of MSs with which P2P communication is desired. Accordingly, in an environment where the location of the receiving MS is not known, the receiving MS can be found and thus the P2P connection can be established.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for adaptively selecting a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) communication mode in a wireless communication system are provided. In a method of operating a Base Station (BS) for establishing a P2P connection between Mobile Stations (MSs) in the wireless communication system, the method includes, upon receiving a connection request message from a transmitting MS, broadcasting an instruction message to one or more neighbor MSs, receiving P2P-related information from a receiving MS among the neighbor MSs, selecting a communication mode by determining whether P2P communication is possible between MSs according to the P2P-related information and, if P2P communication is possible between the MSs, transmitting a connection response message to the transmitting MS and the receiving MS.

Abstract: A multifunction vacuum cleaner, in which a main body is removably connected to a frame portion, comprises a nozzle assembly for suctioning in an air including dusts or dirt on a cleaning area, a main body having a cyclone dust collector for centrifugally separating the dusts or dirt from the sucked air, a dust receptacle for collecting the separated dusts or dirt, a main body frame having an upper casing and a lower casing, a button operation portion formed on an upper part of the main body frame, and a connecting projection integrally formed with the button operation portion and moving elastically, and a frame portion which is pivotably connected with the nozzle assembly, and having a connecting groove to correspond to the connecting projection. The main body of the vacuum cleaner is removably mounted in the frame portion. As a result, the main body can be conveniently connected with or separate from the frame portion.

Abstract: A read circuit of a disk drive system that adaptively reduces signal-dependent noise including a sequence detector, a signal-dependent adaptive engine and a signal-dependent post-processor. The sequence detector recovers a data sequence from equalized data. The signal-dependent adaptive engine generates signal-dependent coefficients, a mean value and a standard deviation of a signal-dependent error. The signal-dependent post-processor corrects the signal-dependent error.

Abstract: An encoding method includes partitioning an input stream into first sub-blocks and second sub-blocks, encoding the second sub-blocks based on a number and location of reference sub-blocks to generate third sub-blocks when at least one of the first sub-blocks corresponds to a forbidden pattern, and rearranging the first sub-blocks and the third sub-blocks to generate an output stream. The reference sub-blocks indicate the second sub-blocks that correspond to a reference pattern and the third sub-blocks includes a redundant information sub-block and non-redundant information sub-blocks. Thus, the encoding method may properly control a direct current (DC) component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a 3-D crimp polyethylene terephthalate multifilament (BCF) having a stress-strain curve that (a) it elongates less than 5.0% when subjected to an initial stress of 1.0 g/d, (b) it has an initial modulus of 20 to 60 g/d, (c) it elongates at least 20% when subjected to a stress region of 1.0 to 2.5 g/d and (d) it elongates from a tensile strength of at least 3.0 g/d to the tensile strength at break. The BCF has improved physical properties such as excellent flame retardancy, high toughness, improved crimp uniformity and improved compressive elasticity modulus.

Abstract: For updating a gain of a loop filter from a timing error signal, a timing signal estimator generates a current timing signal estimation value from a prior timing error estimation value, a prior gain value, and a prior timing signal estimation value. A timing error estimator generates a current timing error estimation value from a timing error accumulation value and the current timing signal estimation value. A current gain value of the loop filter is determined from the current timing error estimation value.

Abstract: A Smart Intermediate Authentication Management (SIAM) system and method for a multiple Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) access environment can be applied to both a Point to Point over Ethernet (PPPoE) session and a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) session when a variety of services are provided to one subscriber using a number of Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs). The system includes an authentication module for classifying types of authentication sessions according to an authentication initiation packet received from a multimedia service subscriber through a multiple PVC, identifying whether Media Access Control (MAC) address information of a service subscriber for which authentication is requested has been registered, and determining whether to authenticate the service subscriber.

Abstract: A multiplexer and methods thereof. In an example, the multiplexer may receive a first periodic signal with a first active duration and a second periodic signal with a second active duration, the first and second active durations not overlapping. The multiplexer may transition statuses of first and second transmission gates based on the first and second periodic signals, respectively, such that each of the first and second transmission gates are set to the same status during at least one time period (e.g., between the first and second active durations where both the first and second periodic signals are inactive). In a further example, the example multiplexer may include first and second transmission gates receiving first and second input signals which may be controlled by the first and second control signals.

Abstract: In a timing recovery method, two consecutive sampling values may be generated based on a sampled input signal. The input signal may be sampled according to a phase interval of a sampling clock. A slope between the two consecutive sampling values may be calculated, and a difference between a target slope and the calculated slope may be determined. A phase of the sampling clock may be compensated based on the difference between the target slope and the calculated slope.

Abstract: A spread spectrum clock generator (SSCG) and method of generating a spread spectrum clock (SSC) signal, in which the SSCG may include a controller outputting a given modulation voltage signal based on a difference between an average frequency of a first feedback signal and a comparison frequency signal input thereto, or based on comparison in total phase variations between a second feedback signal and the comparison frequency signal, and a sub-system for generating a first control voltage as a function of an input reference frequency signal and a second feedback signal input thereto. An adder may add the first control voltage signal and the modulation voltage signal to generate a second control voltage signal, and a voltage control oscillator (VCO) may generate the SSC signal based on the second control voltage signal.

Abstract: An attaching and detaching device for a contaminant collecting receptacle of a cyclone separator in a vacuum cleaner includes a sealing member having a through hole for providing fluid communication and air flow, a lever member surrounding the sealing member, and a guide member to guide upward and downward displacement of the lever member depending on the direction of displacement of the guide member.

Abstract: A packet congestion control technique employs an Active Flow Random Early Drop (AFRED) method to provide a service requiring a predetermined bandwidth with a stable Quality of Service (QoS) even when network congestion occurs. The packet congestion control technique includes: receiving at least one packet flow; defining identifiers for the received at least one packet flow; numbering each of the defined at least one packet flow; calculating a queue length of each of the at least one packet flow; allocating a maximum queue threshold value, a minimum queue threshold value, and a maximum probability value of each of the at least one packet flow; and dropping or accepting an incoming packet of a flow according to the calculated packet drop probability upon a queue length of a currently received packet being between the maximum queue threshold value and the minimum queue threshold value.

Abstract: A timing recovery circuit for a receiver may include a timing error detector that generates a timing error based on differences between coefficients of a feed-forward filter and a feed-back filter. The timing recovery circuit may include a loop filter which generates a control voltage signal based on the timing error, and a voltage controlled oscillator that generates a sampling clock for the receiver based on the generated control voltage signal.

Abstract: An attaching and detaching device for a contaminant collecting receptacle of a cyclone separator in a vacuum cleaner includes a sealing member having a through hole for providing fluid communication and air flow, a lever member surrounding the sealing member, and a guide member to guide upward and downward displacement of the lever member depending on the direction of displacement of the guide member.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for managing a foreign mobile subscriber in a visitor location register (VLR) of a mobile switching center (MSC) to provide a roaming service.

Abstract: An air exhaust structure for an upright-type vacuum cleaner capable of a convenient use by providing a filter cover which is not easily opened by a discharging pressure of the air, while the filter cover is easily opened and closed by the user. The air exhaust structure of an upright-type vacuum cleaner has a frame having a duct formed at a side of the cleaner body to communicate with the motor driving chamber, a support member protruded from an inside wall of the duct, a filter, a filter cover having a grill portion disposed at the frame; and a removable means for opening and closing the filter cover. The removable means includes a hook formed at a front end of the filter cover and a locking hole having a locking protrusion disposed at the frame placed at a corresponding position of the hook.

Abstract: A filter supporting structure for an upright-type vacuum cleaner having a body divided by a partition into a dust-collecting chamber having a dust bag and a motor driving chamber, a filter grill formed at the partition in order to allow an air passed through the dust bag of the dust-collecting chamber to flow to the motor driving chamber, and having a filter for filtering the drawn air, supporting protrusions disposed at both sidewalls of the dust-collecting chamber in order to support both sides of the filter mounted on the filter grill, and a plurality of ribs disposed around the filter grill in order to support the filter.

Abstract: An air flow structure for an upright-type vacuum cleaner having a body divided by a partition into a dust-collecting chamber having a dust bag and a motor driving chamber having a motor; an air suction port protruded at an upper part of the dust-collecting chamber in order to draw air thereinto, and having the dust bag disposed around the air suction port; a dust cover to cover the dust-collecting chamber and having a plurality of ribs disposed therein in a lengthwise direction, a concaved portion formed at a rear wall of the dust-collecting chamber in a lengthwise direction, and a grill portion formed between the dust-collecting chamber and the motor driving chamber in order to allow the air of the dust-collecting chamber to flow to the motor driving chamber.

Abstract: A suction hose assembly for an upright type vacuum cleaner having an air inlet connected to one end of a flexible hose and a suction pipe at the other end. A connection portion movably connects the suction pipe to the flexible hose allowing the suction pipe to rotationally rotate relative to the flexible hose, including a pair of connection protrusions preferably formed on one end of either the suction pipe or flexible hose, and spaced from each other by a predetermined distance, a pair of connection grooves formed on one end of whichever the flexible hose or suction pipe that the connection protrusions are not formed on, to receive the pair of connection protrusions, and at least one guide protrusion provided between a contact surface defined between the connection protrusions and a contact surface defined between the connection grooves, to reduce area of contact defined between the contact surfaces.