Abstract: A method of generating driving routes of a plurality of mobile robots including generating a plurality of virtual driving lines in a driving space, generating a pattern of driving behaviors of the mobile robots based on the plurality of generated virtual driving lines, inputting an initial position and a final position of each of the plurality of mobile robots, and generating respective driving routes from the initial position to the final position of each of the plurality of mobile robots on the plurality of generated virtual driving lines based on the generated pattern of the driving behaviors.

Abstract: Disclosed are mobile manipulator and methods of using the mobile manipulator, there the mobile manipulator includes an autonomous mobile robot (AMR) comprising a LiDAR sensor, a camera sensor, and a moving member, a manipulator robot comprising a torque sensor, a current sensor, and an image sensor, and a processor is configured to determine, via the AMR, whether a worker is approaching, determine, via the manipulator robot, whether the worker interferes with an operation of the mobile manipulator robot, activate a touching mode, in response to the determining of the interference by the worker, and analyze a force for a robot operation based on touching to operate at least one of the AMR or the manipulator robot.