Abstract: Provided are a digital identity system and an operation method of the digital identity system. The digital identity system may include a first node configured to generate a de-identified unique identification value for a data subject based on the data subject's unique identification value and an identity generation sequence received from a data subject terminal, and generate a first digital identity (ID) based on the de-identified unique identification value of the data subject, and a seed value that is generated according to a preset criterion, and a second node configured to receive, from the first node, the de-identified unique identification value of the data subject, and the seed value, and generate a second digital ID based on the de-identified unique identification value of the data subject, and the seed value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for transceiving data. A method in which a transmitting terminal transmits data to a receiving terminal in a MIMO system according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps: generating a data field containing the data; generating a signal field containing information on the data field; generating a data frame containing the data field and the signal field; and transmitting the data frame to the receiving terminal. According to the present invention, an end of the frame being transmitted is accurately notified to the receiving terminal in a communication system in which the frame is transmitted using MIMO, thereby decoding the frame in a more efficient manner at the receiving terminal.

Abstract: A method performed by a wireless device to extend an effective transmission range of a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU). The method includes transmitting a PPDU that includes a preamble and a data field, wherein the data field is transmitted in a plurality of distributed-tone resource units (dRUs) each carrying a same set of data symbols. A different mapping of the same set of data symbols to tone positions may be used in different ones of the plurality of dRUs to increase frequency diversity.

Abstract: An embodiment is method performed by a wireless device to allow preemption in a wireless network. The method includes wirelessly transmitting a first preemption physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) that includes a complete preamble followed by one or more subsequent preemption PPDUs that each include a reduced preamble, wherein the complete preamble includes one or more preamble fields that are omitted in the reduced preamble, wherein the first PPDU and the one or more subsequent preemption PPDUs are transmitted with a predefined interframe space interval between PPDU transmissions during which preemption is allowed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for transceiving data. A method in which a transmitting terminal transmits data to a receiving terminal in a MIMO system according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps: generating a data field containing the data; generating a signal field containing information on the data field; generating a data frame containing the data field and the signal field; and transmitting the data frame to the receiving terminal. According to the present invention, an end of the frame being transmitted is accurately notified to the receiving terminal in a communication system in which the frame is transmitted using MIMO, thereby decoding the frame in a more efficient manner at the receiving terminal.

Abstract: An embodiment is a method performed by a station (STA) to provide a coordinated bandwidth query report (CBQR) to an access point (AP). The method includes generating a frame that includes an aggregated control (A-control) field, wherein the A-control field includes a CBQR field, wherein the CBQR field includes a basic service set (BSS) color field that carries a BSS color of a BSS and an available channel bitmap field that carries a bitmap indicating subchannel availability at the STA with respect to the BSS. The method further includes transmitting the frame to the AP.

Abstract: An embodiment is a method performed by a source node to activate relay functionality of a relay node on a per-physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) basis. The method includes generating a PPDU that includes a first set of preamble fields, followed by a relay-on field indicating that the relay node should relay the PPDU, followed by a second set of preamble fields, followed by a data field that includes a frame intended for a destination node, wherein the first set of preamble fields includes a first legacy short training field (L-STF) field, a first legacy long training field (L-LTF) field, and a first legacy signal (L-SIG) field, wherein the second set of preamble fields includes a second L-STF field, a second L-LTF field, and a second L-SIG field. The method further includes transmitting the PPDU.

Abstract: An embodiment is method performed by a source node to transmit data that is to be relayed by a relay node to a destination node using a multi-link device (MLD) amplify-and-forward (AF) relay mechanism. The method includes transmitting a relay trigger frame to the relay node on a first link between the source node and the relay node to set up a second link between the relay node and the destination node, receiving a relay response frame from the relay node on the first link as a response to the relay trigger frame, transmitting a relay initiation frame to the relay node on the first link to start a relay operation period, and during the relay operation period, transmitting a data frame on the first link that is to be relayed by the relay node to the destination node on the second link using an AF relay mechanism.

Abstract: An embodiment is method performed by an access point (AP) for performing a joint transmission to jointly transmitting a frame to a station (STA) with one or more other APs. The method includes determining a scrambling seed that is to be used for the joint transmission, determining a basic service set (BSS) color for a virtual BSS that is jointly operated by the AP and the one or more other APs based on identifiers associated with the AP and the one or more other APs, and transmitting, as part of the joint transmission, a frame to the STA using the scrambling seed, wherein a preamble of the frame indicates the BSS color for the virtual BSS.

Abstract: An embodiment is method performed by a first beamformee to participate in a channel sounding process. The method includes receiving a null data packet (NDP) announcement frame from a beamformer, wherein the NDP announcement frame includes partial bandwidth information for the first beamformee and partial bandwidth information for a second beamformee, each indicating a same first bandwidth. The method further includes responsive to receiving a beamforming report poll (BFRP) trigger frame from the beamformer, transmitting a first report frame and a second report frame to the beamformer, wherein the first report frame includes a first partial bandwidth change indication bit indicating there is a change in partial bandwidth for the first beamformee and the second report frame includes a second partial bandwidth change indication bit indicating there is a change in partial bandwidth for the second beamformee.

Abstract: An embodiment is method performed by a first wireless device to transmit low latency data using a slotted random access technique. The method includes detecting an end of a fragmented physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) transmission made by a second wireless device, randomly selecting a slot from a plurality of slots forming a slot window that is to follow a short interframe space (SIFS) interval after the end of the fragmented PPDU transmission, and attempting to transmit low latency data during the randomly selected slot.

Abstract: An embodiment is method performed by a relay station (STA) that acts as a relay between a source STA and a destination STA. The method includes wirelessly receiving a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) from the source STA in a first channel, while receiving the PPDU from the source STA in the first channel, relaying the PPDU to the destination STA in a second channel that is different from the first channel, and responsive to detecting an error in receiving the PPDU from the source STA, ending the relaying of the PPDU to the destination STA early.

Abstract: An embodiment is method performed by a wireless device to allow preemption in a wireless network. The method includes wirelessly transmitting a first preemption physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) that includes a complete preamble followed by one or more subsequent preemption PPDUs that each include a reduced preamble, wherein the complete preamble includes one or more preamble fields that are omitted in the reduced preamble, wherein the first PPDU and the one or more subsequent preemption PPDUs are transmitted with a predefined interframe space interval between PPDU transmissions during which preemption is allowed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method performed by a relay station (STA). The method includes receiving an association request frame for associating with the access point (AP) from the non-relay STA, relaying the association request frame from the non-relay STA to the AP, receiving an association response frame from the AP, relaying the association response frame from the AP to the non-relay STA, receiving a data frame from the non-relay STA, wherein the data frame includes data originated by the non-relay STA that is intended for the AP, transmitting an acknowledgement (ACK) frame to the non-relay STA, wherein a source address of the ACK frame is an address of the AP, and relaying the data originated by the non-relay STA from the non-relay STA to the AP.

Abstract: An embodiment is method performed by a first wireless device in a wireless network to implement a block acknowledgement (ACK) scheme for acknowledging data frames received in multiple subchannels. The method includes receiving a plurality of data frames from a second wireless device in a plurality of subchannels, transmitting a block ACK frame to the second wireless device in one of the plurality of subchannels, wherein the block ACK frame includes ACK information for the plurality of subchannels, and wirelessly transmitting one or more data frames to the second wireless device in one or more of the plurality of subchannels, wherein the block ACK frame and the one or more data frames are transmitted simultaneously in different subchannels. The block ACK scheme may improve channel utilization, throughput, and/or latency in the wireless network.

Abstract: An embodiment is a method performed by a wireless device to provide header protection for a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU). The method includes generating a hash value of header information of the PPDU by applying a hash function to the header information of the PPDU, including the hash value in an encrypted payload portion of the PPDU, and transmitting the PPDU with the hash value included in the encrypted portion of the PPDU. An embodiment is a method performed by a wireless device to verify the integrity of header information of a received PPDU. The method includes extracting header information of the PPDU, extracting a first hash value included in an encrypted payload portion of the PPDU, generating a second hash value by applying a hash function to the extracted header information, and discarding the PPDU if the second hash value does not match the first hash value.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method performed by a station (STA) in a wireless network to access a non-primary channel. The method includes determining a maximum supportable bandwidth of a primary transmission opportunity (TXOP) established in a primary channel, responsive to a determination that the maximum supportable bandwidth of the primary TXOP is smaller than a maximum supportable bandwidth of the STA, establishing a secondary TXOP in the non-primary channel, and transmitting a data frame to a second STA during the secondary TXOP in the non-primary channel.

Abstract: Provided are a capsule endoscope apparatus for supporting a lesion diagnosis and a lesion diagnosis supporting method using the same. The capsule endoscope apparatus for supporting lesion diagnosis includes an imaging unit configured to capture one or more images of an inside of a body, a control unit configured to detect a suspected lesion region in the images and perform a precision diagnosis procedure when a suspected lesion region corresponding to a value equal to or greater than a certain threshold is detected, an image processing unit configured to process the images in the precision diagnosis procedure, and a communication module configured to transmit and receive processed images to another capsule endoscope apparatus or a terminal by using a wireless communication method.

Abstract: A transmit power control method of a first station in a wireless LAN (WLAN) system includes: receiving path loss information from an (access point) AP, the path loss information containing a maximum value among path losses between the AP and at least one or more stations included in the WLAN system; controlling a transmit power by using the path loss information; and transmitting a frame according to the controlled transmit power. In said controlling the transmit power by using the path loss information, the transmit power is controlled by using a path loss obtained by adding the maximum value and a path loss between the first station and the AP or by using the path loss between the first station and the AP.

Abstract: An embodiment disclosed herein is a method performed by a station (STA) to seamlessly roam from a first access point (AP) to a second AP. The method includes transmitting a roaming request frame to the first AP and the second AP in a second channel, receiving a roaming confirmation frame from the second AP in the second channel, transmitting a roaming initiation frame to the first AP and the second AP in the second channel in response to receiving the roaming confirmation frame; receiving a data frame from the second AP in a first channel, wherein the third data frame includes buffered data for the STA that was buffered at the first AP and relayed by the first AP to the second AP, and transmitting an acknowledgement (ACK) frame that acknowledges the third data frame to the second AP in the first channel.