Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for validating an operating system are disclosed. In one aspect, a method includes the actions of providing, to a computing device running an operating system that includes, a framework layer, a hardware abstraction layer, and a kernel that includes firmware and drivers, a reference system image that is configured to replace, supplement, or modify the framework layer. The actions further include providing, to the computing device, test data that is configured to verify functionality of the operating system by interacting with the reference system image to test functionality of the hardware abstraction layer without modifying the hardware abstraction layer, wherein the computing device with the framework layer replaced, supplemented, or modified by the reference system image is a non-rooted device.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for validating an operating system are disclosed. In one aspect, a method includes the actions of providing, to a computing device running an operating system that includes, a framework layer, a hardware abstraction layer, and a kernel that includes firmware and drivers, a reference system image that is configured to replace, supplement, or modify the framework layer. The actions further include providing, to the computing device, test data that is configured to verify functionality of the operating system by interacting with the reference system image to test functionality of the hardware abstraction layer without modifying the hardware abstraction layer, wherein the computing device with the framework layer replaced, supplemented, or modified by the reference system image is a non-rooted device.

Abstract: A computing device may receive a data packet. The computing device may be operating a plurality of kernel-space software modules that are in a suspended state, and the computing device may also be operating a plurality of user-space software modules that are in the suspended state. It may be determined that the data packet is of a particular packet type. Data packets of the particular packet type may be consumed by any of a particular subset of the kernel-space software modules. While the user-space software modules remain in the suspended state, the computing device may further (i) transition at least some kernel-space software modules to a non-suspended state, (ii) consume, by a particular one of the non-suspended kernel-space software modules, the data packet, and (iii) transition the non-suspended kernel-space software modules to the suspended state.

Abstract: A computing device may receive a data packet. The computing device may be operating a plurality of kernel-space software modules that are in a suspended state, and the computing device may also be operating a plurality of user-space software modules that are in the suspended state. It may be determined that the data packet is of a particular packet type. Data packets of the particular packet type may be consumed by any of a particular subset of the kernel-space software modules. While the user-space software modules remain in the suspended state, the computing device may further (i) transition at least some kernel-space software modules to a non-suspended state, (ii) consume, by a particular one of the non-suspended kernel-space software modules, the data packet, and (iii) transition the non-suspended kernel-space software modules to the suspended state.