Abstract: An apparatus for measuring time-resolved optical spectrum includes a light source, a sensor for collecting, forming, manipulating and measuring the intensity of the optical radiation, and a controller coupled to the light source and sensor. The sensor includes at least one optical delay element to provide a time delay to a first portion of the optical radiation. The sensor arrangement further includes an optical spectral disperser to split the delayed first portion and the second portion of the optical radiation into dispersed radiation having a plurality of wavelengths, and a sensor element configured to receive each wavelength of the dispersed radiation on a different spatial region, and measure the light intensity associated with each wavelength of the dispersed radiation. The controller collects the light intensity associated with each wavelength of the dispersed radiation measured by the sensor element to form a time-resolved optical spectrum.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus comprises a visible light illumination channel, which illuminates a retina of an eye of a patient under examination by visible light. A near-infrared illumination channel illuminates the retina of the eye of the patient under examination by near-infrared light. An imaging channel receives light from the retina of the eye illuminated by the visible light and/or the near-infrared light. A target channel outputs fixation image content to a patient whose eye is under the examination for fixation of a gaze direction of the patient. An alignment arrangement illuminates the anterior part of the eye and reflections therefrom are received by two of a fundus camera sensor and a first and second pupil camera sensors. A data processing unit determines an optimal positional alignment of the eye for imaging a fundus of the eye by a fundus camera sensor based on still image and/or video capture of the anterior part of the eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmic examination apparatus comprises an alignment light generator, which directs beams of light from separate locations toward an image of an aperture stop of an imaging unit of the ophthalmic examination apparatus, and causes an envelope of the beams of light to converge to and diverge from a waist, which is within an alignment range of the ophthalmic examination apparatus. An eye is at an examination location with respect to the imaging unit when the waist of the envelope is located at least partly inside a pupil of the eye. The examination location of the ophthalmic examination apparatus is within the alignment range. The imaging unit receives reflections of the beams of light from a cornea of the eye within the alignment range, the eye being similar to a standard eye within standard tolerances.

Abstract: An ophthalmic examination apparatus, characterized in that the ophthalmic examination apparatus comprises at least one visual radiation source and a light manipulation arrangement, which is configured to receive light from the visible radiation source, and form light patterns from the light and direct at least one light pattern of the light patterns in a converging manner toward an pupil aperture in a pupil plane of the ophthalmic examination apparatus and locate the at least one light pattern at a non-zero radial distance from a pupil center of the pupil aperture such that a waist of the light patterns is located at the pupil plane in order to provide a person with guidance for enabling an aperture of an iris of his/her eye to approach and/or locate at the pupil aperture in the pupil plane.

Abstract: A focus measuring arrangement for ophthalmic examination comprises an infrared light source system, which directs infrared light to a pupil of an eye of a person and forms a focusing pattern of the infrared light on a retina. A receiving arrangement apertures receives the infrared light of the focusing pattern from the retina through separate areas of the pupil. An image forming arrangement causes the infrared light passed through the apertures to form an individual image of the focusing pattern for each of the apertures in an image space of the receiving arrangement, the image forming arrangement causing an optical correspondence between the at least two apertures and the separate areas of the pupil. A detecting surface arrangement is located at a non-zero distance behind the at least two apertures and the image forming arrangement in a direction of propagation of the infrared light reflected from the retina for receiving the infrared light passed through the at least two apertures.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus comprises an alignment arrangement, which outputs rays of alignment light of a first alignment pattern in a converging manner toward a first target plane, forms a predetermined reflection pattern of the first alignment pattern on said first target plane based on the convergence, causes the rays of the alignment light to have an alignment light waist zone that includes the first target plane based on the convergence, causes a reflection pattern of the first alignment pattern outside the first target plane to deviate from the predetermined reflection pattern based on the convergence.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus comprises an optical radiation source, which direct rays of optical radiation in a converging manner toward a reference plane, and causes the projections of the rays of optical radiation on a plane parallel to the normal of the reference plane to cross each other at a plane parallel to the reference plane and located deterministically with respect to the reference plane, the crossing forming an alignment pattern of optical radiation on said reference plane. The ophthalmic apparatus, when directed toward the eye, captures images in a direction toward the reference plane including an area, where rays of optical radiation cross, and presents information on a pattern formed by the rays of optical radiation on a surface of a person or mammal whose eye the ophthalmic apparatus is directed toward. The alignment pattern of optical radiation when projected on an iris of the eye indicates that the iris of the eye is at the reference plane.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring spectral components of Raman-scattered light emitted by target. The apparatus includes: pulsed laser light source to emit light; probe optics to direct light towards target and to collect light scattered by target; optical spectrometer including: input divider to divide collected light into first and second light beams; first spectrograph including input apertures for receiving said light beams and optical disperser to disperse said light beams; second spectrograph comprising input apertures and output apertures; and spatial light modulator to receive dispersed first and second light beams and to selectively provide at least part of at least one of dispersed first and second light beams to input aperture of second spectrograph which reverses dispersion of light beam and focuses light beam to output aperture; detector element to measure spectral components of light beam exiting output aperture. Optical spectrometer further includes delay line(s) line for delaying light beam(s).

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring time-resolved optical spectrum includes a light source, a sensor for collecting, forming, manipulating and measuring the intensity of the optical radiation, and a controller coupled to the light source and sensor. The sensor includes at least one optical delay element to provide a time delay to a first portion of the optical radiation. The sensor arrangement further includes an optical spectral disperser to split the delayed first portion and the second portion of the optical radiation into dispersed radiation having a plurality of wavelengths, and a sensor element configured to receive each wavelength of the dispersed radiation on a different spatial region, and measure the light intensity associated with each wavelength of the dispersed radiation. The controller collects the light intensity associated with each wavelength of the dispersed radiation measured by the sensor element to form a time-resolved optical spectrum.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring spectral components of Raman-scattered light emitted by target. The apparatus includes: pulsed laser light source to emit light; probe optics to direct light towards target and to collect light scattered by target; optical spectrometer including: input divider to divide collected light into first and second light beams; first spectrograph including input apertures for receiving said light beams and optical disperser to disperse said light beams; second spectrograph comprising input apertures and output apertures; and spatial light modulator to receive dispersed first and second light beams and to selectively provide at least part of at least one of dispersed first and second light beams to input aperture of second spectrograph which reverses dispersion of light beam and focuses light beam to output aperture; detector element to measure spectral components of light beam exiting output aperture. Optical spectrometer further includes delay line(s) line for delaying light beam(s).

Abstract: A device for a head's up display comprises a picture generating unit; a projector optics; and a combiner. The combiner comprises a substrate made of optically transparent material and micro-optical structures arranged in a discrete array. The picture generating unit is arranged to deliver a beam of light, containing an image, to the projector optics. The projector optics and the combiner are arranged to form a virtual image of the image by reflecting a portion of the beam from the micro-optical structures. In the reflection, for at least a part of the beam reflected from the micro-optical structure, the resulting reflection deviates from the hypothetical reflection from the extrapolated substrate surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for non-contact examination of an eye comprises for illuminating and imaging the eye: an apparatus objective of a positive optical power and a positive spherical aberration which illuminates and images an angle wider than a cross section of the zone I of the retinal vasculature, the apparatus objective being common to the imaging and the illumination the optical paths of which are deviated from each other in the examination apparatus; and a secondary lens unit, which is located behind the apparatus objective in the optical path in a direction of the imaging, modifies at least one of the following optical features: lateral color aberration, astigmatism, field curvature and coma caused by the apparatus objective, and focuses the imaging radiation modified by the secondary lens unit on an image sensor for forming an image of a retina of the eye.

Abstract: An apparatus for non-contact examination of an eye comprises for illuminating and imaging the eye: an apparatus objective of a positive optical power and a positive spherical aberration which illuminates and images an angle wider than a cross section of the zone I of the retinal vasculature, the apparatus objective being common to the imaging and the illumination the optical paths of which are deviated from each other in the examination apparatus; and a secondary lens unit, which is located behind the apparatus objective in the optical path in a direction of the imaging, modifies at least one of the following optical features: lateral color aberration, astigmatism, field curvature and coma caused by the apparatus objective, and focuses the imaging radiation modified by the secondary lens unit on an image sensor for forming an image of a retina of the eye.

Abstract: Light from an exit pupil of an illumination unit is directed to a beam splitter which directs the light to an objective. The retina is illuminated, if a real image of the exit pupil of the illumination unit and a real image of an entrance pupil of a camera unit are formable in a position ranging from the cornea to the backside of the crystalline lens with the light. The objective forms a real intermediate image of the retina between the objective and the camera unit. The beam splitter directs the light from the retina to the camera unit, while causing the path of the illumination and the path of the imaging to deviate for non-overlapping images of the exit pupil and the entrance pupil in the crystalline lens. A relay lens system forms a real image of the intermediate image on a detecting component with the light reflected from the retina for transforming the image into an electric form to be shown on a screen.

Abstract: Light from an exit pupil of an illumination unit is directed to a beam splitter which directs the light to an objective. The retina is illuminated, if a real image of the exit pupil of the illumination unit and a real image of an entrance pupil of a camera unit are formable in a position ranging from the cornea to the backside of the crystalline lens with the light. The objective forms a real intermediate image of the retina between the objective and the camera unit. The beam splitter directs the light from the retina to the camera unit, while causing the path of the illumination and the path of the imaging to deviate for non-overlapping images of the exit pupil and the entrance pupil in the crystalline lens. A relay lens system forms a real image of the intermediate image on a detecting component with the light reflected from the retina for transforming the image into an electric form to be shown on a screen.

Abstract: A first toroidal ray guide defines an axis of revolution and has a toroidal entrance pupil adapted to image light incident on the entrance pupil at an angle to the axis of revolution between 40 and 140 degrees, and it also has a first imaging surface opposite the entrance pupil. A second toroidal ray guide also defines the same axis of revolution and has a second imaging surface adjacent to the first imaging surface. Various additions and further qualities of the ray guides, which form optical channels, are disclosed. In a method light emanating from a source at between 40-140 degrees from an optical axis is received at an entrance pupil of a ray guide arrangement that is circularly symmetric about the optical axis. Then the received light is redirected through the ray guide arrangement to an exit pupil in an average direction substantially parallel to the optical axis.

Abstract: An optical system comprises at least a source module comprising a non-uniform extended source (e.g., RGB-LED), an optical engine, and at least one of a lightpipe and a lenslet array arrangement. The optical engine is by example detailed at co-owned WO 2008/017718, and has a first toroidal ray guide and a second ray guide defining a common axis of revolution and having complementary imaging surfaces and pupils. For the case in which the system includes the lightpipe, such a lightpipe is disposed between the source module and the optical engine. For the case in which the system includes the lenslet array arrangement, the optical engine is disposed between the source module and the lenslet array arrangement. At least one ray guiding component, also detailed at WO 2008/017718, can be an alternative to the above optical engine. The lenslet array arrangement may include first and second lenslet arrays having corresponding lenslets.

Abstract: A first toroidal ray guide defines an axis of revolution and has a toroidal entrance pupil adapted to image light incident on the entrance pupil at an angle to the axis of revolution between 40 and 140 degrees, and it also has a first imaging surface opposite the entrance pupil. A second toroidal ray guide also defines the same axis of revolution and has a second imaging surface adjacent to the first imaging surface. Various additions and further qualities of the ray guides, which form optical channels, are disclosed. In a method light emanating from a source at between 40-140 degrees from an optical axis is received at an entrance pupil of a ray guide arrangement that is circularly symmetric about the optical axis. Then the received light is redirected through the ray guide arrangement to an exit pupil in an average direction substantially parallel to the optical axis.

Abstract: A first toroidal ray guide defines an axis of revolution and has a toroidal entrance pupil adapted to image light incident on the entrance pupil at an angle to the axis of revolution between 40 and 140 degrees, and it also has a first imaging surface opposite the entrance pupil. A second toroidal ray guide also defines the same axis of revolution and has a second imaging surface adjacent to the first imaging surface. Various additions and further qualities of the ray guides, which form optical channels, are disclosed. In a method light emanating from a source at between 40-140 degrees from an optical axis is received at an entrance pupil of a ray guide arrangement that is circularly symmetric about the optical axis. Then the received light is redirected through the ray guide arrangement to an exit pupil in an average direction substantially parallel to the optical axis.

Abstract: A device for a light projection system comprises at least one light source; light collection and relay optics; a reflective surface; a micro-display; an illumination total internal reflection TIR-prism disposed between the reflective surface and the micro-display; an imaging TIR-prism disposed between the illumination TIR-prism and the micro-display; and a projection lens. The light collection and relay optics is arranged to channel light emitted by the at least one light source to the illumination TIR-prism. The TIR-prism is arranged to totally internally reflect the light to the reflective surface. The reflective surface is arranged to reflect the light back through the illumination TIR-prism and through the imaging TIR-prism to the micro-display. The micro-display is arranged to reflect the light back through the imaging TIR-prism. The imaging TIR-prism is arranged to totally internally reflect the light from the micro-display to the projection lens.