Abstract: An apparatus and method of steering a signal from a base station is disclosed. The base station comprises one or more antenna arrays, one or more channel units, the channel units comprising means for phasing the signal to be transmitted and received in such a way that the gain from the antenna array is greatest in a specified direction. Further, the base station includes means for distinguishing connection quality information from information received from the mobile station. In order to improve the spectral efficiency and the connection quality, the channel unit comprises means for searching for the incoming directions and delays of the received signal components, and means for controlling the phasing means of the signal transmitted to the mobile on the basis of the information and the connection quality information received from the mobile station.

Abstract: A base station equipment for receiving and transmitting a signal of a desired user, which signal to be received may arrive at the equipment along several different paths with several different delays, and which equipment includes one or more antenna arrays composed of several elements, one or more channel units having components for phasing the signal to be transmitted and received by the antenna array in such a way that the gain from the antenna array is the greatest in the desired directions. Each channel unit includes components for searching for the incoming directions and delays of the received signal components, and components for controlling the phasing components on the basis of the information in such a way that the angle of the greatest gain of the antenna beams is deflected in the environment of the desired directions.

Abstract: A method and receiver for identifying data transmission rate from a signal which has several transmission rate alternatives. The signal contains modulation symbols (201 to 206) which are formed as a vector and which are submatrices of a known, essentially orthogonal transform matrix selected on the basis of a combination of bits to be transmitted. A correlation is formed between a received modulation symbol (201 to 206) and the known modulation matrix, as a result of which correlation vectors (301 to 306) are produced, each correlation vector being composed of correlation values (311) which are used to detect the signal. By utilizing the correlation values (311) of one or more correlation vectors (301 to 306), an estimate (556) is formed for each data transmission rate representing the probability of the data transmission rate of the signal, and the estimates (556) are used to select the most probable data transmission rate to be used for detecting the signal.

Abstract: A base station receiver and a reception method in a CDMA cellular radio system includes, in each cell, at least one base station communicating with a plurality of mobile stations situated within its area. The base stations measure the direction angle of a signal arriving from each mobile station with respect to the base station, and communicate with the mobile stations using antenna beams that change in time. The angles of the greatest gain of the beams are adjusted according to signal components arriving from the mobile station. In order to provide detection of good quality without a great deal of calculation, the detection of the desired signal utilizes simultaneously several signals received from different mobile stations taking into account the incoming direction of the signals when selecting the signals.

Abstract: A method for steering an antenna beam and base station equipment including at least one antenna array having a plurality of elements and at least one channel unit having a means for phasing a signal to be transmitted and received by the antenna array such that gain from the antenna array is the greatest in the desired direction. In order to improve the spectral efficiency of the system, the channel unit includes a means for searching for the incoming directions and delays of the received signal components and a means for controlling the phasing means of the opposite transmission direction based on the information.

Abstract: A receiver for receiving a signal of a desired user, which signal may arrive at the receiver along several different paths with several different delays, and which receiver has an antenna array consisting of several elements and one or more channel units for demodulating the desired received signal component. Each channel unit searches for the incoming directions and delays of the received signal components, and indicates the parameters of the best components for demodulation. The receiver is connected to the antenna array for analogically phasing the received signal so that the gain from the antenna array is the greatest in the desired beam-like directions.

Abstract: In a cellular radio system having in each of a plurality of cells at least one base station communicating with mobile stations located within its area, the base stations each transmit a pilot signal to the mobile stations. At least one of the base stations, transmits to the mobile stations by transmitting a pilot signal by using a rather narrow changing antenna beam. The angle of the greatest gain of the antenna beam is controlled in such a way that the antenna beam sweeps the cell area. The mobile stations can use the pilot signal in the identification of a base station, and as an indicator of a need for handover, without the continuous reception of the pilot signal in the subscriber equipment, and without a need to transmit the pilot signal with a higher transmission power than the other signals.

Abstract: A method for generating spreading codes in a receiver, and a receiver for use in a system wherein a signal to be transmitted is multiplied with a code sequence characteristic of each connection, wherein the receiver includes an estimator for estimating a channel, at least one demodulator and a combiner for combining signals obtained from at least one demodulator. In order to enable the use of long codes and to facilitate the internal synchronization of the receiver, the receiver includes a number of generators for generating a code sequence, the first generator producing a code sequence at a variable phase, and the second generator producing a code sequence the phase of which acts as a reference to the first generator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for transmitting calls of different priorities in a cellular network which comprises in each cell at least one base station (10) communicating with subscriber terminals (11a-11d, 13) within its area, and in which network the base station transmits power control information to the terminal equipments, which may adjust their transmit power on the basis of the power control messages from the base station, the calls of the network having different levels of priority. In order to ensure the call establishment and the quality of calls with a high priority, the calls with a high priority use a higher transmit power than what is allowed for calls with a lower priority.

Abstract: A base station equipment, mobile station and data transmission method in a digital CDMA cellular radio network, in which base stations communicate with mobile stations located in an area. Each mobile station can have a duplex connection with more than one of the base stations simultaneously. Signals transmitted from more than one of the base stations can be combined in a respective mobile station. A signal received from a mobile station in more than one of the base stations can be combined in a base station controller. In the network, traffic channel transmission is carried out by using a predetermined frame structure. Cellular network frames of different types are transmitted between respective ones of the base stations and the mobile stations over radio paths. To simplify the structure of the base station equipment, the type of frame being transmitted is indicated by a predetermined frame identifier.

Abstract: The base stations of a cellular radio system direct their respective antennas effectively towards the terminal equipment with which they are respectively communicating. Each terminal equipment maintains and updates a list of base stations serving and potentially available to serve the respective terminal equipment. Updating is based on measuring signal strengths and directions, as well as directions of motion of the respective terminal equipment, so that each list, as updated includes only those base stations serving, and on the basis of forecast direction of movement of the terminal equipment, likely to be able to serve the respective terminal equipment. The terminal equipment measure signal strengths for the listed base stations, to determine the need for a handover.

Abstract: A base station receiver and a method for receiving a signal in a base station receiver the service area of which is divided into sectors, the signal including multipath propagated signal components. To provide a preferred base station structure, the signal components received in each sector are converted in the method to an intermediate frequency and to digital form, the digitalized signal components are supplied by use of a sector-specific multiplexed bus to a plural number of correlation and spectrum assembling elements, in which each signal component is demodulated and assembled to narrowband form, and the demodulated signal components are supplied by connecting elements to a plural number of receiver-specific combining elements, in which the signals obtained from the different sectors are combined and detected.

Abstract: Interference in a cellular CDMA network due to mobile stations causing multiple use of one carrier frequency in neighboring cells is cancelled. A hard handover is implemented by defining the phase of a spread spectrum code in a signal transmitted from a base station to a mobile followed by measurement of signal strength in the mobile. Thereafter, the result is reported to the CDMA network, inferring whether the mobile interferes with the base station of the neighboring cells. If interference is present, the surrounding base stations are informed about the mobile station channel used, and this information is taken into account in the receivers of signals transmitted by other mobiles within the cell. The measurement results of the mobile are provided as initial values to the parameters required by the initialization of the interference cancellation routines performed in a neighboring base station.

Abstract: A receiver, and a method for estimating received power in a cellular radio system having in each cell at least one base station communicating with mobile stations within its coverage area. The mobile stations measure strength of the signal received from a base station, and report the measurement results to that base station. To improve power adjustment, a model describing the dynamic behavior of the signal is created for the received power on each connection. The model is utilized for power adjustment, as well as for making handover decisions.

Abstract: Transmission power control of a mobile terminal unit in a cellular telecommunication system, in which: the base station informs the mobile units of its existence on a common control channel in a TDMA slot, at least one control channel is dedicated to the mobile terminals seeking connection, and the power level of the connection-seeking signal is dependent of the measured power level, downlink, from the base station.

Abstract: A mobile station, and a method for eliminating multiple-access interference in a CDMA cellular radio system having a plurality of cells each having at least one base station communicating with mobile stations residing in the respective cell and informing the respective mobile stations of at least one spreading code used in a neighboring cell, the mobile stations measuring the code phase and power level of a channel of the neighboring cell using the known spreading code. To reduce the effect of multiple-access interference, the signal received at the mobile station is utilized in the detection of the desired signal by using the code phase and power level of the measured channel using the known spreading code of the neighboring cell.

Abstract: A base station, subscriber terminal, and data transmission method in a CDMA cellular radio network having in each cell at least one base station which communicates on a specified traffic channel with the terminal equipments (Mobile Station) located within its area, the signal of the users being divided in the method into bursts in the time domain. To achieve high traffic capacity together with high-quality connections, the base station monitors the load state of the traffic channel in the data transmission method of the invention and transmits information about the load state of the traffic channel to the terminal equipments. In the method, the number of the bursts transmitted between the terminal equipments and the base stations per time unit is controlled on the basis of the delay state of the bursts and the load state information computed at the base station.

Abstract: A base station, a subscriber equipment, and a method for synchronizing the subscriber equipment with the transmission of the base station in a digital cellular radio network utilizing the CDMA multiple access method. In each cell of the network, at least one base station communicates with the subscriber equipment within its area, in which network the base station transmits a separate pilot channel provided with a predetermined spreading code. In order to facilitate the synchronization of the subscriber equipment, the base station transmits a data-modulated signal on the pilot channel.

Abstract: A rake-type CDMA base station receiver equipment, including a plurality of correlators each having a received signal as its input, a plurality of diversity combiners for respective receiver branches, and a measurer for measuring the quality of the received signal. To reduce the number of correlators and diversity combiners, the receiver equipment further includes switches for switching the correlators to the different combiners, and controllers for controlling the switches on the basis of data sent from the measurer for measuring the quality of the received signal or on the basis of the capacity loading of the base station receiver equipment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a data transmission method in a CDMA cellular radio system, which comprises in each cell at least one base station (10) communicating with mobile stations (11, 12) within its coverage area and in which system the base station adjusts the transmitting power of the mobile stations within its area by means of power control massages. To enable coherent detection at the base station, according to the method the transmission on the traffic channel is performed both in the transmission direction from the mobile station to the base station and from the base station to the mobile station by using a similar frame structure. When the base station transmits a power control message to the mobile station by using bits of the frame structure of the traffic channel, the mobile station transmits a predetermined bit pattern to the base station in the corresponding bits of the other transmission direction of the traffic channel.