Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of joining objects of hydrophilic polymeric biomaterials. In the method, an ionic liquid is applied onto the surfaces of the objects; the surfaces are pressed together; and the ionic liquid is removed. The method produces a product that can consist to 100% of biomaterial, with no synthetic polymer or chemicals remaining in the product.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of joining objects of hydrophilic polymeric biomaterials. In the method, an ionic liquid is applied onto the surfaces of the objects; the surfaces are pressed together; and the ionic liquid is removed. The method produces a product that can consist to 100% of biomaterial, with no synthetic polymer or chemicals remaining in the product.

Abstract: A dispersion of cellulose fibers, a method of preparing the same and uses thereof. The dispersion is produced by providing a cellulose feedstock comprising cellulose fibers; by providing a mixture of an ionic liquid and a protic antisolvent for cellulose as a dispersion medium, the ionic liquid being selected from the group of protic salts of superbases capable of dissolving cellulose; and by mixing said cellulose feedstock into said dispersion medium so as to disperse the cellulose fibers therein to form a dispersion which is stable for at least 24 hours at room temperature. The dispersion can be used as an additive of cellulose pulps for making of fibrous products.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided A process for making a cellulose fibre or film comprising the steps of dissolving pulp in an ionic liquid containing a cationic 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-enium [TBDH]+ moiety and an anion selected from the group according to Formula a), Formula b) and Formula c), wherein each of R, R2, R3, R4, R5, R7, R8, R9 and R10 is H or an organyl radical and X? is selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides, carboxylates, alkyl sulphite, alkyl sulphate, dialkylphosphite, dialkyl phosphate, dialkyl phosphonites and dialkyl phosphonates, to provide a spinning dope, extruding the spinning dope through a spinneret to form one or more filaments, and a step selected from the group consisting of spinning cellulose fibres from the solution, and extruding a cellulose film from the solution.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of joining objects of hydrophilic polymeric biomaterials. In the method, an ionic liquid is applied onto the surfaces of the objects; the surfaces are pressed together; and the ionic liquid is removed. The method produces a product that can consist to 100% of biomaterial, with no synthetic polymer or chemicals remaining in the product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a bicyclic guanidine and its derivatives. In particular, the present invention relates to a method of producing triazabicyclodecene (TBD) and its derivatives, particularly alkyl derivatives, such as methyl triazabicyclodecene (MTBD), and MTBD-derived ionic liquids. The invention also relates to the use of said compounds in cellulose dissolution and subsequent processing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a bicyclic guanidine and its derivatives. In particular, the present invention relates to a method of producing triazabicyclodecene (TBD) and its derivatives, particularly alkyl derivatives, such as methyl triazabicyclodecene (MTBD), and MTBD-derived ionic liquids. The invention also relates to the use of said compounds in cellulose dissolution and subsequent processing.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided A process for making a cellulose fibre or film comprising the steps of dissolving pulp in an ionic liquid containing a cationic 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-enium [TBDH]+ moiety and an anion selected from the group according to Formula a), Formula b) and Formula c), wherein each of R, R2, R3, R4, R5, R7, R8, R9 and R10 is H or an organyl radical and X? is selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides, carboxylates, alkyl sulphite, alkyl sulphate, dialkylphosphite, dialkyl phosphate, dialkyl phosphonites and dialkyl phosphonates, to provide a spinning dope, extruding the spinning dope through a spinneret to form one or more filaments, and a step selected from the group consisting of spinning cellulose fibres from the solution, and extruding a cellulose film from the solution.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cellulose-based shaped article. The method comprises subjecting a solution of lignocellulosic material, dissolved in a distillable ionic liquid, to a spinning method, wherein the ionic liquid is a diazabicyclononene (DBN)-based ionic liquid. DBN-based ionic liquids have good dissolution power, high thermal and chemical stability, lack runaway reactions and exhibit low energy consumption, due to low spinning temperatures. The shaped cellulose articles can be used as textile fibres, high-end non-woven fibres, technical fibres, films for packaging, and barriers films in batteries, as membranes and as carbon-fibre precursors.

Abstract: A method of modifying a polymer having hydroxyl groups, selected from the group of polysaccharides and lignin, to give a modified polymer comprising the step of contacting said polymer with at least one organic phosphonate salt in order to chemically modify the polymer, said organic phosphonate salt being in a liquid phase. The method of polymer modification provides novel polymers. Modified polymers obtained from a polymer having been treated with at least one organic phosphonate salt are also disclosed. The modified polymers can be used as such or separated and optionally recovered from the solution, optionally being formed into particular materials or shapes.

Abstract: Method of dewatering nanocellulose and other water soluble of hydrophilic polymers. The method comprises providing an aqueous suspension formed by nanocellulose in water, said nanocellulose having free hydroxyl groups; mixing the aqueous suspension with an ionic liquid or eutectic solvent which is capable of hydrogen bonding to at least a part of the free hydroxyl groups to form a modified suspension; and evaporating off water from the modified suspension in order to dewater the nanocellulose. With the ionic liquid procedure, solvent exchange with repeated centrifugation steps can be avoided, and solvent consumption and costs reduced, and processing sped up. The nanocellulose stabilized in the water-free environment then allows for access to efficient and thorough water-free chemical modification procedures resulting in highly fibrillated products.

Abstract: A method of treating wood with an organic phosphonate salt in a liquid phase to chemically modify its surface and thus provide protection from microorganisms. The organic phosphonate salts are of Formula III wherein R1 is a hydrogen radical or an alkyl or aryl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and R2 is a cation selected from the group of NH4+, H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Fr+, Cu+, Ag+, substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium, methylpyrrolidinium, isothiazolium, isoxazolium, oxazolium, pyrrolium, thiophenium, pyridinium, pyridazinium, pyrimidinium, pyrazinium, imidazolium, pyrazolium, thiazolium, oxazolium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium , and triazolium, or a mixture thereof, said method preferably comprising using one or more salt compounds having formula III. Products comprising a raw material having been treated according to the method with one or more organic salts of formula III are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of treating wood with an organic phosphonate salt in a liquid phase to chemically modify its surface and thus provide protection from microorganisms. The organic phosphonate salts are of Formula III wherein R1 is a hydrogen radical or an alkyl or aryl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and R2 is a cation selected from the group of NH4+, H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Fr+, Cu+, Ag+, substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium, methylpyrrolidinium, isothiazolium, isoxazolium, oxazolium, pyrrolium, thiophenium, pyridinium, pyridazinium, pyrimidinium, pyrazinium, imidazolium, pyrazolium, thiazolium, oxazolium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, and triazolium, or a mixture thereof, said method preferably comprising using one or more salt compounds having formula III. Products comprising a raw material having been treated according to the method with one or more organic salts of formula III are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of treating wood with an organic phosphonate salt in a liquid phase to chemically modify its surface and thus provide protection from microorganisms. The organic phosphonate salts are of Formula III wherein R1 is a hydrogen radical or an alkyl or aryl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and R2 is a cation selected from the group of NH4+, H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Fr+, Cu+, Ag+, substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium, methylpyrrolidinium, isothiazolium, isoxazolium, oxazolium, pyrrolium, thiophenium, pyridinium, pyridazinium, pyrimidinium, pyrazinium, imidazolium, pyrazolium, thiazolium, oxazolium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, and triazolium, or a mixture thereof, said method preferably comprising using one or more salt compounds having formula III. Products comprising a raw material having been treated according to the method with one or more organic salts of formula III are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of modifying a polymer having hydroxyl groups, selected from the group of polysaccharides and lignin, to give a modified polymer comprising the step of contacting said polymer with at least one organic phosphonate salt in order to chemically modify the polymer, said organic phosphonate salt being in a liquid phase. The method of polymer modification provides novel polymers. Modified polymers obtained from a polymer having been treated with at least one organic phosphonate salt are also disclosed. The modified polymers can be used as such or separated and optionally recovered from the solution, optionally being formed into particular materials or shapes.

Abstract: The invention describes solutions containing cellulose and a method of dissolving lignocellulosic materials. In the method, the lignocellulosic material is contacted with a conjugate acid, formed by a strong organic base and a weaker acid, under conditions which are conducive to at least a partial dissolution of the cellulosic components of the lignocellulosic material. It has been found that it is possible to recover at least a portion of the dissolved part of the lignocellulosic material by at least partial dissociation of the conjugate acid. Furthermore it is possible to recover at least a portion of the dissociated organic base and the acid, to form a conjugate acid of the recovered base and acid, and to recycle it for use in the first steps of the method.

Abstract: The invention describes solutions containing cellulose and a method of dissolving lignocellulosic materials. In the method, the lignocellulosic material is contacted with a conjugate acid, formed by a strong organic base and a weaker acid, under conditions which are conducive to at least a partial dissolution of the cellulosic components of the lignocellulosic material. It has been found that it is possible to recover at least a portion of the dissolved part of the lignocellulosic material by at least partial dissociation of the conjugate acid. Furthermore it is possible to recover at least a portion of the dissociated organic base and the acid, to form a conjugate acid of the recovered base and acid, and to recycle it for use in the first steps of the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for fibrillating lignocellulosic material wherein the process comprises treating lignocellulosic material with ionic liquid and recovering basically intact fibres of said lignocellulosic material. Another object of the invention is to provide an activated and/or basically intact fibre wherein the lignocellulosic material is treated with ionic liquid and a basically intact fibre of said lignocellulosic material is recovered. The invention further relates to the use of the basically intact fibre of the invention in the production of bio-based materials, preferably bio-plastics, more preferably conductive polymers, stimuli-responsive polymers, bio-based polymer composites, ceramics, fabrics, or elastomers. A process for producing paper, board, pulp or the like from fibers of lignocellulosic material which have been treated with ionic liquid and recovered as basically intact fibres is also enclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing high-quality hydrocarbon base oil particularly of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises aldol condensation, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Aldehydes and/or ketones, preferably of biological origin are used as the feedstock.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing high-quality hydrocarbon base oil particularly of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises aldol condensation, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Aldehydes and/or ketones, preferably of biological origin are used as the feedstock.