Abstract: Integrated circuit devices and methods of forming the same are provided. The methods may include providing a substrate structure including a substrate, a bottom insulator and a semiconductor region between the substrate and the bottom insulator, the semiconductor region extending in a first direction; forming first and second preliminary transistor structures on the bottom insulator, wherein and the bottom insulator may include first and second portions that the first and second preliminary transistor structures respectively overlap, and a third portion between the first and second portions; replacing the third portion of the bottom insulator with a bottom semiconductor layer; forming a source/drain region between the first and second preliminary transistor structures; replacing the substrate and the semiconductor region with a backside insulator; forming a power contact in the backside insulator, wherein the source/drain region may overlap the power contact; and forming a power rail.

Abstract: Integrated circuit devices and methods of forming the same are provided. The methods may include forming a sacrificial layer in a preliminary substrate by adding an element into the preliminary substrate, forming a transistor structure on the preliminary substrate, the transistor structure including a source/drain region, replacing the sacrificial layer with a power contact that comprises an upper surface contacting the source/drain region, and forming a power rail that contacts a lower surface of the power contact.

Abstract: Integrated circuit devices may include two transistor stacks including lower transistors having different threshold voltages and upper transistors having different threshold voltages. Gate insulators of the lower transistors may have different dipole elements or different areal densities of dipole elements, and the upper transistors may have different gate electrode structures.

Abstract: Nanosheet transistor devices are provided. A nanosheet transistor device includes a transistor stack that includes a lower nanosheet transistor having a first nanosheet width and a lower gate width. The transistor stack also includes an upper nanosheet transistor that is on the lower nanosheet transistor and that has a second nanosheet width and an upper gate width that are different from the first nanosheet width and the lower gate width, respectively. Related methods of forming a nanosheet transistor device are also provided.

Abstract: A method for generating a magnetic field, a method for detecting a lane by using a magnetic field, and a vehicle using same are disclosed. According to the present invention, magnetic fields outputted from lanes coated with road-marking paint containing magnetic particles are detected with a magnetic sensor attached to a vehicle, and a plurality of lanes can be detected on the basis of the detected magnetic fields.

Abstract: A display device includes a base layer including a first surface and a second surface, a first line disposed on the first surface of the base layer, a second line corresponding to the first line and disposed on the second surface of the base layer, and a connection film electrically contacting at least a portion of the second line and electrically connected to a printed circuit board and a driving circuit. The driving circuit is disposed between the printed circuit board and the connection film.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including first edges extending in a first direction and facing each other and second edges extending in a second direction and facing each other, the second direction intersecting the first direction, a printed circuit board connected to the display panel and including a connector, a rotating shaft which extends in the first direction and in which the printed circuit board is disposed and a hollow is defined, and a flexible cable including an end connected to the connector of the printed circuit board. The rotating shaft includes an overlapping portion which overlaps the display panel and a first protruding portion which protrudes further than one of the second edges of the display panel in the first direction. The display panel and the flexible cable are rolled or unrolled by being wound or unwound around an outer circumferential surface of the rotating shaft.

Abstract: A display device according to one or more embodiments comprises a flexible display panel, a connection film at least partially overlapping the display panel, and electrically connected to the display panel, source boards at least partially overlapping the connection film, and electrically connected to the connection film, and a flexible printed circuit portion electrically connecting the source boards, and wound or folded on the source boards.

Abstract: Provided is a method of generating a squeezed quantum illumination light source, including generating a dual mode squeezed light source including a signal mode and an idler mode, obtaining a degree of additional squeezing for the dual mode squeezed light source based on object information, determining a squeezing angle and a degree of operation that satisfy the degree of additional squeezing for each of the signal mode and the idler mode, and squeezing the dual mode squeezed light source based on the squeezing angle and the degree of operation, and provided is a quantum radar device using the squeezed quantum illumination light source.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a diorama space generation and construction module configured to construct an AR map by using a user camera image or image data received through a sensor, a diorama environment tracking and location optimization module configured to load the constructed AR map onto an AR device and track a location of the AR device in a diorama space in real time based on image data received in real time, and a multi-user association and event synchronization module including a user interaction module configured to perform user interaction processing, user event information processing and management, and AR content playback configured to perform interaction synchronization processing, content synchronization processing, and user information synchronization processing.

Abstract: An apparatus for diagnosing an automatic transmission for detecting abnormality during driving of a vehicle includes a G-sensor configured to measure a vibration signal including a longitudinal vibration signal, a status detection unit configured to obtain the vibration signal of the G-sensor and status data of transmission and engine sensors of the vehicle, and a controller configured to check an operational element for each shifting operation by using a current shift-stage, a target shift-stage, and a shifting time detected as the status data, measure the longitudinal vibration signal of the G-sensor to calculate fluctuation level of the longitudinal vibration signal for each operational element, and determine a shift shock event when a longitudinal vibration signal value after adjustment based on driving acceleration of the vehicle exceeds a reference value.

Abstract: An apparatus for diagnosing an automatic transmission for detecting abnormality during driving of a vehicle includes a G-sensor configured to measure a vibration signal including a longitudinal vibration signal, a status detection unit configured to obtain the vibration signal of the G-sensor and status data of transmission and engine sensors of the vehicle, and a controller configured to check an operational element for each shifting operation by using a current shift-stage, a target shift-stage, and a shifting time detected as the status data, measure the longitudinal vibration signal of the G-sensor to calculate fluctuation level of the longitudinal vibration signal for each operational element, and determine a shift shock event when a longitudinal vibration signal value after adjustment based on driving acceleration of the vehicle exceeds a reference value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel heterocyclic compounds useful in preparing drugs for the prevention or treatment of diseases associated with STAT3 protein. Specifically, these drugs are useful in the prevention or treatment of solid tumors, blood cancers, radiation or drug-resistant cancers, metastatic cancers, inflammatory diseases, immune system diseases, diabetes, macular degeneration, papillomavirus infections and tuberculosis.

Abstract: A technique for treating heavy hydrocarbon oil in the oil production process or oil refining process. A method and apparatus for adding and mixing a liquid phase of hydrocarbon oil to a hydrocarbon oil feedstock containing heavy hydrocarbon oil in an oil production process or oil refining process including a hydrocarbon oil dehydration process, thereby processing the heavy hydrocarbon oil to be lighter and thus increasing the throughput of the heavy hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: A technique for treating heavy hydrocarbon oil in the oil production process or oil refining process. A method and apparatus for adding and mixing a liquid phase of hydrocarbon oil to a hydrocarbon oil feedstock containing heavy hydrocarbon oil in an oil production process or oil refining process including a hydrocarbon oil dehydration process, thereby processing the heavy hydrocarbon oil to be lighter and thus increasing the throughput of the heavy hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: A method of controlling a driving voltage of a display apparatus includes transmitting a ready signal from a timing control circuit of the display apparatus to a power management circuit of the display apparatus through a connection area of a connection member of the display apparatus, which is disposed between a display panel and a main circuit board of the display apparatus, and controlling a generation of the driving voltage from the power management circuit based on the ready signal received by the power management circuit, where the display apparatus includes a gate driver circuit disposed on the display panel, and the timing control circuit and the power management circuit are disposed on the main circuit board.

Abstract: Provided is a water treatment apparatus using an apparatus for generating fine bubbles having a positive charge. The water treatment apparatus comprises: an apparatus for generating fine bubbles having a positive charge; a treatment bath into which the fine bubbles generated in the apparatus for generating fine bubbles are supplied and in which raw water is stored; and an ultrasonic oscillator for generating ultrasonic waves having a predetermined intensity when power is applied to explode the fine bubbles floating up to a water level after the fine bubbles are supplied into said treatment bath. Thus, germs attached to the fine bubbles may be sterilized by an exploding force generated when the fine bubbles are exploded.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for representing an editable visual object (EVO) are disclosed. The apparatus for representing an EVO includes a recommendation unit, an editing unit, and a database management unit. The recommendation unit receives the components of a received EVO based on the identification (ID) of the EVO. The editing unit represents the EVO based on the components received from the recommendation unit, and edits the EVO based on information adapted to aid in editing of the EVO. The database management unit performs processing corresponding to a request for the searching of a database when the request is made by the recommendation unit and the editing unit.

Abstract: A method of controlling a driving voltage of a display apparatus includes transmitting a ready signal from a timing control circuit of the display apparatus to a power management circuit of the display apparatus through a connection area of a connection member of the display apparatus, which is disposed between a display panel and a main circuit board of the display apparatus, and controlling a generation of the driving voltage from the power management circuit based on the ready signal received by the power management circuit, where the display apparatus includes a gate driver circuit disposed on the display panel, and the timing control circuit and the power management circuit are disposed on the main circuit board.

Abstract: Disclosed are a sound virtualization method and apparatus. The sound virtualization method includes generating virtual sound devices, generating virtual audio devices on the basis of an audio device, acquiring a mapping relation between sounds created by the virtual sound device and sounds output by the virtual audio device, acquiring the sounds from memories on the basis of the mapping relation, and outputting the sounds through the virtual audio devices according to the mapping relation. Accordingly, it is possible to provide sound to a plurality of users.