Abstract: Provided are a thin film transistor substrate which include a substrate, a buffer layer and a thin film transistor, a display apparatus including the thin film transistor substrate, and a method of manufacturing the display apparatus including the thin film transistor substrate. The buffer layer includes an inorganic insulating layer. An area ratio of a peak corresponding to an N—H bond in the buffer layer is 0.5% or less based on a total peak area in a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Abstract: Provided are a thin film transistor substrate which include a substrate, a buffer layer and a thin film transistor, a display apparatus including the thin film transistor substrate, and a method of manufacturing the display apparatus including the thin film transistor substrate. The buffer layer includes an inorganic insulating layer. An area ratio of a peak corresponding to an N—H bond in the buffer layer is 0.5% or less based on a total peak area in a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Abstract: Provided are a thin film transistor substrate which include a substrate, a buffer layer and a thin film transistor, a display apparatus including the thin film transistor substrate, and a method of manufacturing the display apparatus including the thin film transistor substrate. The buffer layer includes an inorganic insulating layer. An area ratio of a peak corresponding to an N—H bond in the buffer layer is 0.5% or less based on a total peak area in a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a smart window including a first base layer and a second base layer positioned to face each other; a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer respectively positioned at inner surfaces of the first base layer and the second base layer; and an electrolyte layer interposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, wherein the first conductive layer includes a plurality of first nanostructures, and the second conductive layer includes a plurality of second nanostructures having a different average length from the plurality of first nanostructures.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a smart window including a first base layer and a second base layer positioned to face each other; a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer respectively positioned at inner surfaces of the first base layer and the second base layer; and an electrolyte layer interposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, wherein the first conductive layer includes a plurality of first nanostructures, and the second conductive layer includes a plurality of second nanostructures having a different average length from the plurality of first nanostructures.

Abstract: A display device including a substrate, a display unit on the substrate and including a display element for displaying an image, at least one organic encapsulation film formed on the display unit, and at least one refractive-index control encapsulation film adjacent to the at least one organic encapsulation film. A refractive index of a region of the at least one refractive-index control encapsulation film closer to the at least one organic encapsulation film is closer to a refractive index of the at least one organic encapsulation film than is a refractive index of a region of the at least one refractive-index control encapsulation film further from the at least one organic encapsulation film.

Abstract: A display device including a substrate, a display unit on the substrate and including a display element for displaying an image, at least one organic encapsulation film formed on the display unit, and at least one refractive-index control encapsulation film adjacent to the at least one organic encapsulation film. A refractive index of a region of the at least one refractive-index control encapsulation film closer to the at least one organic encapsulation film is closer to a refractive index of the at least one organic encapsulation film than is a refractive index of a region of the at least one refractive-index control encapsulation film further from the at least one organic encapsulation film.