Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for measuring the properties of earth materials subjected to a load, the device comprising a cylinder (10) for a material sample enclosed by a cover and bottom plate (6a, 7a), compressing the sample, and making the central axes of the cover and bottom plate deviate parallel to each other by an angle in relation to the central axis of the cylinder and in the same plane with the central axis of the cylinder. The central axes of the cover and bottom plate revolve about the central axis of the cylinder (10) with an angular deviation so as to deform the sample. In order to make the measuring more effective the material is measured by means of a device which is provided for measuring the force resisting the deformation of the sample in the direction of the radius of the sample, and for measuring the force resisting the deformation of the sample in the direction of rotation of the angular deviation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for measuring the properties, particularly the degree of compaction of a stiff compactable mass such as fresh concrete, to be cast or a similar soil mass. In order to make the control of compaction more effective, gaseous pressure fluid is blown through the mass during the compaction of the mass, simultaneously, observing increases in the pressure of the gaseous pressure fluid in the surface portions of the mass due to increased flow resistance. The pressure fluid is blown through an opening formed in a wall adjoining the mass to be compacted and by means of a source of pressure fluid connected to the opening. Changes in the flow resistance are measured by means of a measuring device.

Abstract: A method for the determination of the properties of mouldable materials, such as the granular and pulverous masses of fresh concrete, and stiff liquids, particularly for the determination of the plastic and reologic properties thereof. A sample of a known weight is taken from the mass; the sample is subjected to a moulding effect; and a compression (S) and the number of working revolutions required therefor are determined. In order that the behavior of the material to be measured can be controlled accurately during the measuring process and that the obtained measuring results are accurate and reliable, the sample is compressed in two axially opposite directions with a constant force (P); the sample is moulded under a constant compression between two parallel inclined planes which change the rotationally change the direction of inclination thereof; the volume (V and V.sub.

Abstract: A method of measuring the compactibility of a fresh concrete mass, for obtaining information of the applicability of the mass with respect to the strength properties of the cast product. A sample (20) having a determined weight (m) is taken from the mass and compressed in two opposite directions with a constant force (P) and subjected to a shearing compaction between two slanting planes (13, 14) which extend in parallel with each other and alter their positions through rotation. The volume (V, V.sub.t) of the sample is determined at the beginning of the compaction and after a pre-determined compaction work, whereafter the volume change of the sample is compared with experimentally defined limit values. The apparatus comprises a compacting device for subjecting the sample in a container to a shearing compaction, and elements for maintaining the sample under compression during the compaction.

Abstract: A method of and a casting bed for producing a concrete product, especially an endless concrete blank prestressed in at least two directions. In order to enable a prestressing wire to be arranged in position and tightened in a simpler manner, at least one prestressing wire is passed in a zigzag-like manner crosswise between at least two fixed sides of a casting bed to form a wire net and the wire net is tightened from a third side of the casting bed in the direction of both first-mentioned sides so that the wire net is stretched in two directions by means of a traction in one direction. Finally, concrete is fed on the bed to form a prestressed concrete blank. An apparatus intended for carrying out the method comprises a weaving device for stretching the prestressing wires continuously and in a zigzag-like manner crosswise between two parallel sides of the casting bed and for tightening of the wires in the longitudinal direction of the casting bed.

Abstract: Method and device for the casting of concrete products either by means of a periodic method or by means of a continuous slide casting method. Into the product, one or several cavities are formed by means of a cavity mandrel (4). The mix is compacted by rotating the cavity mandrel (4) back and forth around its longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A concrete building unit of a sandwich structure, comprising two concrete slabs (1, 2) positioned in parallel at a distance from each other and an insulating layer (3) filling the space between the concrete slabs. Wire trusses (5) are provided between the slabs and are cast in the concrete slabs at the opposite longitudinal edges of the trusses. In order to simplify the assembly of the insulating layer, a truss wire (6) of at least one wire truss (5) is stitched similarly to a sewing thread through an insulating material layer (7) in such a manner that a continuous wire forms loops (6a) protruding from two opposite surfaces of the layer. In a truss element (4) intended for such a building unit, the truss wire (6) is sewn into a beamlike insulating material layer (7) having a rectangular cross-section.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method for continuous slide-casting of large-size concrete objects or corresponding elements for compacting high-viscosity casting mix. The slide-casting mould (33) comprises a bottom plane (34), side walls (38, 39) of the mould, as well as means (37) for pressurizing the casting mix mechanically. According to the invention, before the parallel side walls (44, 54) at the outlet end of the slide-casting mould (33), within the casting line concerned, walls or wall portions (40 to 43, 50 to 53) are provided as fitted to each other or to their corresponding portions, provided as pairs, as pivotable always in the same direction around substantially vertical shafts (45 to 49, 55 to 59) included in their planes. The moving parts of the side walls (38, 39) may be displaced in pairs in the lateral direction, relative the casting direction, e.g., by means of cylinder-piston devices (61 to 63).

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method and a mould in the casting of large-size concrete objects or corresponding elements for compacting high-viscosity casting mix. Thereat, the mould (3 or 17) comprises a bottom (8 or 24) and side walls (6, 7) as well as, additionally, a deck (9 or 25) for bringing the high-viscosity casting mix present in the mould (3 or 17) mechanically under pressure. According to the invention, repeated parallel dislocations back and forth are produced in the various regional zones of the mechanically pressurized high-viscosity casting mix (1) present in the mould (3 or 17), and in particular in parallel dislocation planes (2) of the casting mix.

Abstract: The discharge opening from a silo is formed by two generally upwardly extending bottom plates placed in a V-shaped configuration. The bottom plates are reciprocatingly movable with the aid of hydraulic cylinders. At their lower ends the bottom plates form an aperture for the discharge of goods from the silo. The bottom plates are pivotally suspended at their top margins. Their lower margins are pivotally interconnected by means of connecting pieces. The hydraulic cylinders are pivotally connected to the connecting pieces and to the bottom plates and the pivotal connections of the connecting pieces to the bottom plates and hydraulic cylinders from a linkage quadrangle. The hydraulic cylinders are arranged to move the linkage quadrangle thus produced, in such a manner that the bottom plates will swing reciprocatingly about their top edges or margins.

Abstract: For a disk refiner which includes a frame with a refiner housing, a driving shaft, and a driving motor, a mounting base in the form of an integrated block made of a material absorbent to vibrations of the disk refiner, said block having at one end, symmetrically in relation to the longitudinal central line of the base, support surfaces for the driving motor and, at its other end, two front supports for the refiner frame and, at a distance from said front supports, two rear supports for the refiner frame, said front and rear supports being situated pairwise symmetrically in relation to the shaft of the refiner, essentially in a plane extending along the longitudinal central line of the shaft, and at the ends of column-like projections extending upwards from a plane defined by said support surfaces.

Abstract: A disk refiner construction to be supported on a base and including first and second frame parts, said first frame part having inside a pressure proof housing attached at its periphery to said first frame part, a shaft extending into said housing and provided with a gasketing sleeve serving as a gasket for said housing, a disk attached to the end of said shaft and provided with refiner plates within the housing, and an end plate of the refiner being attached to the first frame part and provided with stationary counter plates for said refiner plates, the second frame part having inside a bearing unit for the shaft of the refiner and said first and second frame parts constituting together an uninterrupted frame having the shape of a hollow rotational body and serving as a guide and support for the shaft and its bearings, said body being further provided with fixation points positioned symmetrically in relation to the shaft for supporting the disk refiner on its base.

Abstract: A chip washer which has its cylindrical upper part an upwards directed outlet pipe and an outlet channel for washed chips and in which the foreign materials separated from the chips sink into the funnel part attached to the upper part as its continuation, the funnel part having been linked by means of a valve to a tubular part to remove foreign materials. The washer is partly or entirely filled with a washing liquid which is introduced tangentially from close to the edge of the upper part of the washer in such a manner that the washing liquid is put into a circulatory motion forcing the chips fed from the upper part of the washer downwards in the circular space between the side wall of the upper part and the outlet pipe, whereby the chips freed from foreign materials pass into the outlet pipe and from there into the outlet channel, and the foreign materials pass into the funnel part and further through the valve into the tubular part.