Abstract: Embodiments of the claimed subject matter provide a method and apparatus for transforming signals for wireless communication. One embodiment of the apparatus includes a transformer comprising a plurality of first ports and second ports. Each first port is associated with a mode of a first antenna array configuration and each second port is configurable to be communicatively coupled to one of the antennas deployed in the first antenna array configuration. This embodiment also includes a selector configurable to select a subset of the modes of the first antenna array configuration based on a degree of variation with azimuth. This embodiment further includes a mapper configured to map each of a plurality of third ports to one of the first ports associated with one of the subset of modes. Each of the third ports is associated with a mode of a second antenna array configuration.

Abstract: An antenna array includes four closely spaced, linearly arranged antenna columns. At least two of the columns, e.g., the center two columns, are dual-polarized. Spacing between neighboring columns is about ½?, where ? is the free space wavelength at the network carrier frequency. Each column includes a first vertical linear array of radiating elements or groups of elements (sub-arrays) connected to a port. The dual-polarized columns each further include a second linear array of radiating elements oriented at a different polarization than the first array. (For example, horizontal/vertical or slant 45°.) Array ports are connected with four RF feed cables using duplexers in such a way so as to provide two different antenna configurations for forward link and reverse link frequencies, namely, a four-column closely spaced beam-forming array at the forward link and a two-column dual-polarized array at the reverse link for 4-branch diversity reception.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for shielding an operator from electromagnetic fields emitted from an antenna in a portable communication device. A plurality of active shields are placed between the operator's earpiece and the antenna to dampen the effects of the electromagentic fields. The active shields are coupled to adjustment circuits which may include variable gain amplifiers and phase couplers to offset the antenna signal.

Abstract: An antenna phased array comprising a two-input four-output beam forming network where each of the four outputs is coupled to one of four antennas. The antennas generate beams of signals from signals applied to the inputs of the beam forming network. The antennas form two sub-arrays of antennas each comprising three antennas. The beam forming network is designed such that the beams generated by each of the sub-arrays form aggregate beams having desired beam widths. Adjacent antennas are spaced a certain distance apart such that beam steering can be performed by combining the two aggregate beams.

Abstract: A portable telephone which includes a directional antenna is provided. The directional antenna is designed such that it can be positioned for use so that its beam is substantially parallel to the direction of received electromagnetic energy, thereby increasing the efficiency at which electromagnetic energy is transmitted to and received from the base station(s) as well as reducing the levels of electromagnetic energy transmitted into the body of the portable telephone user. In another embodiment, two directional antennas are provided for use with a diversity receiver and can be positioned for use to provide directional diversity, space diversity or both, thereby providing added immunity against fading.

Abstract: The method of producing antennas and antenna arrays with desired beam widths applies to both single and dual polarization antennas, and controls and modifies the radiation patterns of the antenna's radiating elements by placing appropriately designed parasitic elements in their vicinity.

Abstract: An antenna package for use in a wireless communications device. The package includes a metallic leadframe section having a plurality of leads and a paddle shaped as a planar antenna, and dielectric material encapsulating the paddle and portions of the leads.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for coupling a portable telephone with a built-in antenna to an external antenna. The portable telephone built-in antenna includes an exposed direct electrical contact at its base. When the portable telephone unit is placed into a receiving cavity in in external antenna coupling unit, the exposed contact is engaged by an antenna clip for connection to the external antenna. A two-section choke in the coupling unit provides shielding for the built-in antenna. The first section of the choke is coupled to the ground plane of the portable telephone, and the second section of the choke surrounds the antenna. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the choke provides shielding of the built-in antenna at a lower and at a higher frequency band.

Abstract: A fixed dual frequency band antenna for a dual frequency band radio transceiver where the two frequency bands are not harmonically related. The antenna includes a straight radiating antenna portion terminated by a helical wire radiating antenna portion, with the total electrical length of the antenna being approximately three quarters of the wavelength at the center frequency of the higher of the two frequency bands. A conductive radiating cap terminates the helical portion and a conductive antenna base is connected to the straight portion at the end opposite the helical portion. A matching circuit coupled between the base and the transceiver circuitry is arranged to substantially cancel the reactive portion of the impedance of the antenna for both frequency bands and to substantially equalize the resistive portion of the impedance of the antenna to the resistive portion of the output impedance of the radio transceiver.

Abstract: A single planar antenna for use in two frequency bands includes radiating portions for the two bands joined by a connecting portion and spaced from a ground plane. Each radiating portion is formed as a planar inverted F-antenna. A grounding pin interconnects the connecting portion and the ground plane and a single feed pin connects the connecting portion to the input/output port of transceiver circuitry.

Abstract: A dual frequency band antennas system where the two frequency bands are not harmonically related includes first and second antenna sections. The first antenna section comprises a straight rod, with the length of the rod being at least one quarter wavelength at the center frequency of the lower of the two frequency bands. The second antenna section includes a straight portion terminated by a helical wire portion, with the total electrical length of the second antenna section being substantially equal to the length of the straight rod. A conductive antenna base is connected to at least one of the first and second antenna sections. A matching circuit coupled to the base is arranged to substantially cancel the reactive portion of the impedance of the connected antenna section for both frequency bands and to substantially equalize the resistive portion of the impedance of the connected antenna section to the resistive portion of the output impedance of the radio transceiver to which the antenna system is coupled.