Abstract: Jute stick/stalk can be used to prepared and carboxylated to yield useful activated carbons, e.g., for removing Pb2+ from drinking water. Such activated carbons can act as an inexpensive adsorbents using agricultural waste or by-products. Carboxylation of jute stick activated carbon (JSAC) can improve its efficiency for Pb2+ removal, e.g., from aqueous solutions, even if its BET surface area is reduced. Carboxylated JSAC (JSAC-COO?) can have surface areas around 615.3±0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25 m2/g. JSAC-COO? can treat varied Pb2+ concentrations, 10, 25 mg/L, etc., pHs, e.g., 4.0, 7.0, etc., temperatures, e.g., 15° C., 27° C., etc., and contact periods, e.g., 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 minutes, etc., achieving up to 99.8% Pb2+ removal within 15 minutes of contact JSAC-COO? adsorption capacity can be >25.0 mg Pb2+/g, as well as other metal ions, with potential for water and/or gas treatment.

Abstract: An interchange enables advertising data to be interchanged among providers for serving the advertising data on different provider technology platforms and consumers for using the advertising data on different consumer technology platforms. The interchange includes provider connectors for connecting all the providers to a network, and consumer connectors for connecting all the consumers to the network. A host controller executes a standardized provider application programming interface (API) on the network to enable each provider to serve the advertising data via a respective provider connector over the network to at least one of the consumers, and for executing a standardized consumer API on the network to enable each consumer to use the advertising data via a respective consumer connector over the network from at least one of the providers.