Abstract: A continuous process for producing an aldehyde comprising 1) feeding an olefinically unsaturated compound, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a rhodium-organobisphosphite complex catalyst to a hydroformylation reactor and 2) reacting an olefinically unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium-organobisphosphite complex catalyst, wherein

Abstract: Process for the carbonylation of a conjugated diene by reacting the conjugated diene with carbon monoxide and an hydroxyl group containing compound in the presence of a catalyst system based on: (a) a source of palladium cations, (b) a diphosphine ligand, and (c) a source of anions, wherein the diphosphine ligand is a ligand having the general formula I wherein x1 and x2 represent a cyclic group with at least 5 ring atoms, of which one is a phosphorus atom, and R represents a bivalent aliphatic bridging group, connecting both phosphorus atoms, containing from 2 to 4 atoms inthe bridge, which is substituted with at least one substituent orR represents a phenyl group with both phosphorus groups bound to the 1,2-position.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of rhodium from an organic reaction mixture containing rhodium/phosphite ligand complex, phosphite degradation products and high boiler organic compounds, wherein

Abstract: Process to separate linear 5-formylvaleric acid from a mixture of 5- and 3- and 4-formylvaleric acids, wherein the separation is performed by fractional extraction with two immiscible solvents of which one solvent is an aqueous solvent and the other solvent is an organic solvent, in which the organic solvent has a higher or lower affinity for 5-formylvaleric acid than its affinity for the 3-formylvaleric acids and for the 4-formylvaleric acid. Furthermore the invention relates to an improved process to prepare ∈-caprolactam starting from a mixture of branched and linear formylvaleric acids or starting from pentenoic acid.

Abstract: Catalyst system comprising a palladium compound, an acid compound having a pKa>2 measured in water of 18° C. and an non-symmetrical bidentate phosphorous ligand according to: in which the —PR1R2 group is different from the —PR3R4 group and in which X is a divalent organic bridging group, in which the shortest direct link between the two phosphorous atoms in the bridging group X consists of a chain of 2-10 carbon atoms and optionally a sulphur or oxygen atom.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a linear .omega.-formyl-carboxylic acid or a corresponding linear formylnitrile compound starting from an internally unsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 carboxylic acid or a corresponding ester or nitrile by means of hydroformylation in the presence of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a catalyst system, wherein the hydroformylation is carried out in an aqueous medium and in that the catalyst system comprises platinum and a water-soluble organic bidentate ligand.

Abstract: A hydroformylation process for the production of linear aldehydes of an olefin, with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a solvent containing a catalyst having a platinum component, a bidentate diaryl phosphine component where the bridging group is ferrocenyl, and an acid promoter component.

Abstract: A hydroformylation process for the production of 5-formylvaleric acid from 2-, or 3-pentenoic acid, or 5-formylvaleric acid ester from 2-, or 3-pentenoic acid ester, or 5-formylvaleronitrile from 2-, or 3-pentenenitrile by reaction with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a solvent containing a catalyst having a platinum component, a bidentate diaryl phosphine component, an acid promoter component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel herbicide composition, which comprises the (S) enantiomer or racemate of a compound of the general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R stands for a methyl or ethyl group, as active ingredient in an amount of 0.01 to 95% by weight together with one or more solid and/or liquid carrier(s), preferably grist(s) of native or synthetic material(s) and/or with inert solvents(s), preferably xylene(s) and/or cyclohexanone; and optionally with surface active agents(s), preferably anionic and/or nonionic emulsifying or dispersing agent(s).The invention further relates to the above compounds of the general formula (I) as well as to a process for the preparation thereof.The compounds according to the invention possess an outstanding herbicidal effect (over 90%) and advantageous selectivity threshold values against cultivated plants.

Abstract: A herbicide composition, which comprises (S)-1'-methoxycarbonylethyl 2-bromo-5-(2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy) benzoate or (S)-1'-ethoxycarbonylethyl 2-bromo-5-(2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)benzoate as active ingredient in an amount of 0.01 to 95.0% by weight together with one or more solid and/or liquid carriers, preferably grists of native or synthetic materials; and/or with inert solvents, preferably xylenes and/or cyclohexanone; and optionally with surface active agents, preferably anionic and/or nonionic emulsifying or dispersing agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to elastic padded, washable, antiseptic articles for personal use, particularly for therapeutic equipment, pillows, protective garments and similar objects. According to the invention idea, an antistatic slip of max. 20 kg/m.sup.3 specific weight is filled with regularly cut, but irregularly arranged, static open cellular polyeter type pieces of polyurathane foam, the material of which is antiseptic.The invention includes the production, characterized in that in the course of preparing the polyurathane foam, 0.4-1.6 weight % enzymatic decomposition-inhibiting additive is added to the polyol component. The block of foam is split up, then cut to pieces with rotary and/or swinging knives, and the static pieces are blown from the knives into the slip to be filled.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for producing ferro-alloys from ore in which an ore is first mixed with a solid reducing agent, preheated and pre-reduced in a rotary kiln, and smelted in an electric furnace, in which the pre-reduced ore is heated by a burner provided in the electric furnace where it is also reoxidized. The ore is also heated in the rotary kiln by recycled gas.

Abstract: The invention provides a process of producing steels containing nickel, particularly corrosion-resistant steels, which involves refining the metal bath obtained from the smelting of a ferro-nickel by adding to said metal bath in a refining converter ferro-nickel shot while concurrently contacting the metal bath with an oxygen-containing gas, e.g., a mixture of oxygen and argon, the addition of the ferro-nickel shot being carried out while controlling the flow rate of the shot in such a way that the temperature of the converter is maintained at a pre-selected level and the contacting of the oxygen-containing gas with the bath being carried out until the carbon content of the bath is reduced to a low level, e.g., about 0.04%. The inventive process permits the initial carbon and silicon levels of the metal bath to exceed 1% and 0.4%, respectively.