Abstract: Provided is a method of forming a circuit board including an adhesion portion. The method may include forming a mask pattern including an opening on a board; performing a surface treatment process at a bottom of the opening; combining a linker with the surface on which a surface treatment process is performed; and forming a metal pattern combined with the linker in the opening.

Abstract: Provided are a semiconductor package of a semiconductor chip, a semiconductor module, an electronic system, and methods of manufacturing the same. The method includes mounting a semiconductor chip on a package substrate, forming a molding member on the semiconductor chip, forming via holes penetrating the molding member to expose a portion of a top surface of the semiconductor chip, the via holes being arranged in a lattice shape in a plan view, and forming thermally conductive via plugs in the via holes.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and a method capable of performing a word spacing function without a separate key input for the word spacing in a portable terminal. The method includes determining interval duration for which a key is pressed; and displaying data assigned to the pressed key and performing a word spacing function when the key is pressed for a duration equal to or more than a predetermined time interval.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device is provided that includes: an anode including an anode material and for injecting holes; an organic layer including a light emitting layer on the anode; and a cathode on the organic layer and through which light emitted from the light emitting layer passes, wherein the cathode includes: a buffer layer, a metal oxide layer including a metal oxide, and a metal layer including a metal having an absolute work function value lower than an absolute work function value of the anode material and coupled to the buffer layer and the metal oxide layer.

Abstract: Provided are a method of manufacturing a semiconductor nanowire sensor device and a semiconductor nanowire sensor device manufactured according to the method. The method includes preparing a first conductive type single crystal semiconductor substrate, forming a line-shaped first conductive type single crystal pattern from the first conductive type single crystal semiconductor substrate, forming second conductive type epitaxial patterns on both sidewalls of the first conductive type single crystal pattern, and forming source and drain electrodes at both ends of the second conductive type epitaxial patterns.

Abstract: A suspension assembly and an actuator having the same, which are of a hard disk drive (HDD). The suspension assembly includes a load beam coupled to an end of a swing arm of an actuator; a flexure attached to the load beam to support the slider; and a tip-tab which extends from a front end of the load beam to contact a ramp when the read/write head is parked, wherein a width of a contact part of the tip-tab that contacts the ramp is wider than other parts of the tip-tab. A width of a part of the tip-tab engaged with the load beam and a width of a front part of the tip-tab are smaller than the width of the contact part. The width of the tip-tab increases gradually from the front end of the load beam up to the contact part, and decreases gradually after the contact part.

Abstract: A particulate material for controlled release of active ingredients includes a combination of one or more active ingredients, including nicotine, and an inorganic mineral filler, in which the active ingredient is reversibly absorbed into and/or adsorbed onto the inorganic mineral filler, and the BET specific surface area of the inorganic mineral filler is above 15 m2/g, the BET specific surface area measured in accordance with ISO 9277. Further, a chewing gum having the particulate material includes a combination of one or more active ingredients, such as nicotine or a flavoring agent, and an inorganic mineral filler. Finally, the method of producing the chewing gum is provided. The invention is particularly advantageous for controlled release of active ingredients.

Abstract: A low-profile antenna is provided. A laminated substrate is formed into a structure in which a plurality of substrates having different permittivities are stacked, and a radiator consists of a plurality of unit patches disposed on an upper surface of the laminated substrate and generates an electric field perpendicular to the upper surface of the laminated substrate. Ground vias are formed from the respective unit patches to a ground plane disposed on a lower surface of the laminated substrate through the substrates constituting the laminated substrate. In the low-profile antenna, the radiator consisting of the plurality of patches is disposed on the upper surface of the laminated substrate having a structure in which the plurality of substrates are stacked to generate a magnetic loop around the patches, so that vertical polarized signals can be received due to a magnetic field perpendicular to the upper surface of the laminated substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a secondary battery pack including a battery cell including first and second electrode terminals of specific structures, a protection circuit module (PCM) including connection members A and B connected to the first and second electrode terminals and an electrically insulated top cap, wherein a connection portion of the connection member B connected to the second electrode terminal of the battery cell is located at the bottom of the PCB so that the connection member B is electrically connected to the second electrode terminal via the safety element, the connection member A is coupled to the bottom of the PCB in a state in which the connection member A protrudes from one end of the PCB in the lateral direction so that a connection portion of the connection member A connected to the first electrode terminal of the battery cell is exposed through a corresponding one of the through holes formed at the top cap, a coupling hole is formed at the protruding portion of the connection member A, and w

Abstract: A method provides data communication while a Base Station (BS) is disrupted in a wireless communication system. The method includes, when a plurality of Mobile Stations (MSs) receive a preamble signal from a cluster header through a dedicated control channel while the BS is disrupted, sending a message requesting cluster member subscription to the cluster header, in the cluster header, including the plurality of MSs in a cluster member, configuring a cluster member list, and broadcasting the cluster member list, in a source MS among the plurality of MSs, sending a data transmission request message to the cluster header using the broadcasted cluster member list, in the cluster header, one of unicasting and broadcasting a response message for the data transmission request of the source MS, and, in the source MS, transmitting data to a target MS among the plurality of MSs based on the response message.

Abstract: A photoalignment method includes irradiating light in a first direction to a first alignment layer, and irradiating light in a second direction opposite the first direction, after disposing a first mask on the first alignment layer.

Abstract: A method of image processing includes: providing a radiance map, generating a first image in which an edge part is preserved and a flat part is smoothed by applying an edge preservation smoothing filter to the radiance map, generating a second image having a visually perceivable dynamic range by applying a correction curve to the first image, and generating a display image having corrected lightness by adjusting a hue value and a chroma value of the second image.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device, including a first substrate, a thin-film transistor on the first substrate and including a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer, an active layer, and source and drain electrodes, an organic insulating layer on the thin-film transistor, a first electrode layer on the organic insulating layer, the first electrode layer extending between respective portions of the organic insulating layer to contact the source and drain electrode, a black layer on the first electrode layer and the organic insulating layer, a liquid crystal layer on the black layer, a second electrode layer on the liquid crystal layer, and a second substrate on the second electrode layer. The liquid crystal may include a cholesteric liquid crystal layer or a polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC).

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a rotational movement of an opening and closing unit by using a counter electromotive force of a motor includes: a motor driving unit that drives an electric damper by driving a motor to operate the opening and closing unit; a position detecting unit that detects the position of the opening and closing unit operated by the motor driving unit; a power intercepting unit that receives a signal of detecting the position of the opening and closing unit from the position detecting unit, and cuts off power if it determines that the opening and closing unit is at a pre-set position based on the received position detect signal; and a counter electromotive force generating unit that generates a counter electromotive force of the motor when the power intercepting unit cuts off power.

Abstract: A semiconductor module may include a circuit substrate with a first die on the circuit substrate and a second die on the first die. The first die may include at least one first data input/output pad on a first peripheral portion of the first die and at least one first control/address pad on a third peripheral portion, the third peripheral portion being separate from the first peripheral portion of the first die. The second die may include at least one second data input/output pad on a second peripheral portion and at least one second control/address pad on a fourth peripheral portion. The second peripheral portion of the second die is not overlapped with the first peripheral portion of the first die in plan view. The fourth peripheral portion of the second die overlaps at least a portion of the third peripheral portion of the first die.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor package including a first substrate including a first substrate pad and a second substrate pad spaced apart from each other, first semiconductor chips stacked on the first substrate and having a first side surface and a second side surface, first chip pads disposed on the first substrate pad and adjacent to the first side surface and provided to the respective first semiconductor chips in the peripheral circuit region and electrically connected to the first substrate pad, and a second semiconductor chip disposed toward the second side surface and including a second chip pad spaced apart from the first chip pad and electrically connected to the second substrate pad, and a heat insulation member provided to the first substrate between the at least one first substrate pad and the at least one second substrate pad.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring data setup/hold time is capable of effectively measuring a setup/hold time of data, and includes a data generating unit for delaying an external clock signal according to counting signals and generating an internal clock signal and data signals from the delayed external clock signal in response to test signals, a data latch unit for latching buffered data signals in synchronization with the internal clock signal, wherein the buffered data signals are produced by buffering the data signals, a flag signal generating unit for generating flag signals from the latched data signals latched in the data latch unit in response to the test signals, and a counter for producing the counting signals in response to the flag signals.

Abstract: There is provided an evacuated tubular solar collector with an eccentric type manifold flange capable of changing flow of a heating medium and improving the electric heat performance of a manifold by employing an eccentric end cap with a fluid path and a baffle in the manifold and improving the structure of the manifold. The evacuated tubular solar collector may comprise an evacuated tubular solar collector; a manifold being installed at an upper position of the evacuated tubular solar collector and including a number of heat dissipation holes; eccentric end caps attached to both sides of the manifold, the eccentric end cap including a fluid path; and a baffle attached to an exit of the fluid path through which a fluid flows into. The fluid path and the baffle may be positioned tilted, thereby to improve uniform transfer of heat in the evacuated tubular solar collector.

Abstract: A polyalkylthiophene block copolymer, a conductive composition including the same, a polymer-catalyst complex in which a polyalkylthiophene and a transition metal catalyst are connected, and a method of preparing a conductive block copolymer from the polymer-catalyst complex through a ring-opening metathesis reaction are provided.