Abstract: A neural network training method and apparatus are disclosed, where the neural network training method using trend includes receiving original training data and trend information, obtaining a first prediction value and a first loss from a neural network based on the original training data, obtaining a second prediction value from the neural network based on the original training data using the trend information, determining a target loss by modifying the first loss based on the first prediction value and the second prediction value, and training the neural network based on the target loss.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an artificial intelligence (AI) system for mimicking functions, such as cognition and determination as of the human brain, by utilizing a machine learning algorithm such as deep learning, and an application thereof. Provided are a neural network learning method according to an AI system and applications thereof, the method including extracting, by using a masking filter having an effective value in a specific portion of the masking filter including weight information of at least one hidden layer included in a learning network model, characteristics of input data according to weight information of a filter corresponding to the specific portion, comparing output data with target data, the output data being obtained from the learning network model based on extracted characteristics of the input data, and updating a size of the specific portion having the effective value in the masking filter, based on a result of the comparing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for a gel polymer electrolyte, the composition including a first oligomer represented by Formula 1, a second oligomer including a first repeating unit represented by Formula 2a derived from a styrene monomer, a polymerization initiator, a lithium salt, and a non-aqueous solvent. The present invention also provides a gel polymer electrolyte prepared using the same, and a lithium secondary battery.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for a gel polymer electrolyte, the composition including: an oligomer represented by Formula 1; an additive; a polymerization initiator; a lithium salt; and a non-aqueous solvent, the additive including at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted phosphate-based compound and a substituted or unsubstituted benzene-based compound, a gel polymer electrolyte prepared using the same, and a lithium secondary battery.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thin film stress control-based coating method for large-area coating. The method uses a two-step coating process in which a first coating layer that is a relatively low-hardness layer is primarily formed on a base member and a second coating layer that is a relatively high-hardness layer is secondarily formed on the first coating layer. The method can form a high-density coating structure that is hardly peeled off over a relatively large area compared to conventional coating methods by suppressing internal stress of the coating layers of the coating structure. Further disclosed is a coating structure manufactured by the same method.

Abstract: According to at least one aspect, the present disclosure provides a smart toy device that updates its growth stage based on the emotional state of the smart toy device and performs an expressive action corresponding to an interaction with a user in step with growth stages. According to another aspect, the present disclosure provides a smart toy system including a smart toy device, whose growth stage is updated based on the emotional state of the smart toy device, a terminal capable of transmitting and receiving messages in conjunction with the smart toy device, and a server that transmits, to the smart toy device, voice data and data related to a condition for changing the growth stage.

Abstract: Provided herein may be a memory device capable of completing a foggy-fine program operation in one ready/busy period. The memory device may include a plurality of memory cells configured to form a plurality of pages, a peripheral circuit configured to perform a first program operation on a page adjacent to a selected page among the plurality of pages, and perform a second program operation on the selected page and control logic configured to control the peripheral circuit, during the first program operation, to successively receive least significant bit (LSB) page data, center significant bit (CSB) page data, and most significant bit (MSB) page data from a memory controller, and program the LSB page data to the page adjacent to the selected page and during the second program operation, to program the LSB page data programmed to the page adjacent to the selected page, the CSB page data and the MSB page data to the selected page.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution additive, an electrolyte solution including the same, and a lithium secondary battery including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an electrolyte solution additive includes a compound represented by Formula 1: Wherein X is oxygen (O) or sulfur (S), and R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or N(R1)2, wherein R1 is hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. The additive has an excellent effect of scavenging a decomposition product generated from a lithium salt and simultaneously forming a robust film on a surface of a positive electrode.

Abstract: A display apparatus is capable of improving a dynamic false contour. The display apparatus may control to change an order of a plurality of pulses of which widths are modulated for an emission time set within one frame, or divide pulses corresponding to the most significant bit (MSB) and the second significant bit (MSB-1) of image data among the pulses into two or more sub-pulses, and output the sub-pulses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte for a secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same, and to a polymer electrolyte for a secondary battery, which includes unit A derived from a poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymer, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cylindrical secondary battery configured such that a hole is provided in a bottom portion of the cylindrical secondary battery manufactured using a metal can and the hole is hermetically sealed using a flexible material, such as rubber.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution includes a lithium salt at a concentration of 1.5 M to 2.0 M, an organic solvent containing ethylene carbonate and ethyl propionate, and a first additive represented by Formula 1, wherein the ethylene carbonate and the ethyl propionate are present in a volume ratio of 1:9 to 1.5:8.5: NC—R—CH?CH—R1—CN ??[Formula 1] In Formula 1, R and R1 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent containing a carbonate compound and a propionate compound, a first additive containing a compound represented by the following Formula 1, and a second additive containing 1,3,6-hexanetricarbonitrile, wherein the first additive and the second additive are present in a weight ratio of 1:1.1 to 1:5.5, NC—R—CH?CH—R—CN??[Formula 1] wherein, in Formula 1, R is an unsubstituted or substituted alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution additive for a secondary battery, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and a lithium secondary battery including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an electrolyte solution additive is represented by Formula 1: In Formula 1, R is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte solution additive and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery which include the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution may include a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution additive which is a compound represented by Formula 1: In Formula 1, R is a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution may scavenge a by-product generated by decomposition of a lithium salt using a Lewis base-based compound to suppress dissolution of transition metal from a positive electrode.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprises a lithium salt, an organic solvent containing a carbonate compound and a propionate compound, and an additive containing 1,4-dicyano-2-butene and 1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarbonitrile, wherein a volume ratio of the carbonate compound to the propionate compound is 10:90 to 40:60, and wherein a weight ratio of the 1,4-dicyano-2-butene to the 1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarbonitrile is 1:1.5 to 1:3.7.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution additive, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution including the same, and a lithium secondary battery including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an electrolyte solution additive is represented by Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for a gel polymer electrolyte, the composition including: a first oligomer represented by Formula 1; a second oligomer including a first repeating unit which is represented by Formula 2a and derived from a styrene monomer; a polymerization initiator; a lithium salt; and a non-aqueous solvent, a gel polymer electrolyte prepared using the same, and a lithium secondary battery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same, the electrolyte including a lithium salt, an additive containing a compound represented by Formula 1, and an organic solvent.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a compound represented by Formula 1 as an additive. A lithium secondary battery including the non-aqueous electrolyte solution has improved high-rate charge and discharge characteristics at high temperature.