Abstract: A photodynamic therapy apparatus for local targeting in cancer treatment capable of treating various types of cancers or tumors. An endoscope is placed in the center of an end portion of a probe used in photodynamic therapy and a plurality of optical fibers are arranged along the edge thereof, so that a lesion site is irradiated with a plurality of lights while the plurality of optical fibers of the probe receive lights from individual light sources, respectively, to perform light irradiation individually. An apparatus is disclosed, wherein unnecessary damage to normal tissues is minimized by controlling light irradiation regions, for instance, by defining light irradiation regions encompassing a lesion site from an image provided in real time through an endoscope disposed at an end portion of a probe and allowing only individual light sources irradiating the defined light irradiation regions to emit lights to achieve local light irradiation.

Abstract: A power conversion device for controlling a DC voltage of a DC link may comprise a first diode, a second diode, a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element, and a fourth switching element, wherein: a cathode terminal of the first diode is connected to a positive terminal of the DC link; an anode terminal of the first diode is connected to one end of the first switching element and one end of the third switching element; the other end of the first switching element is connected to an alternating current terminal and one end of the second switching element; the other end of the second switching element is connected to one end of the second diode and one end of the fourth switching element; the other end of the second diode is connected to a negative terminal of the DC link.

Abstract: An image processing device comprises a data group generator, a gradient value manager, and a cost volume manager. The data group generator is configured to receive pixel values of an image that include phase and brightness information, and determine data groups indicating disparity of the image based on target pixel values, where the data groups correspond to a range that is determined according to the phase information. The gradient value manager is configured to determine gradient values of a region corresponding to the target pixel values and determine gradient information. The gradient information is determined by applying threshold values to the gradient values, where the threshold values are determined according to the target pixel values. The cost volume manager is configured to determine a cost volume by weighted summing the data groups based on the gradient information.

Abstract: In a method of operating a system-on-chip (SOC), the SOC includes a plurality of processor cores. An operating frequency of the plurality of processor cores is set to a first operating frequency based on permitted power consumption of the SOC and an operating status of the plurality of processor cores. The first operating frequency is within a maximum operating frequency of the plurality of processor cores. At least one of the plurality of processor cores performs at least one processing operation based on the first operating frequency. When present power consumption of the SOC is determined as exceeding the permitted power consumption, a warning signal is activated, and a first control operation for reducing the present power consumption is performed immediately thereafter.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image processor and an image processing system including the same, and the image processor includes: a first processing module for generating an actual output image obtained by correcting first values of first phase detection pixels based on an actual input image corresponding to first normal pixels and the first phase detection pixels arranged in a first pattern; a second processing module for calculating inverse gain values between the actual input image and the actual output image; and a third processing module for generating a virtual input image based on the actual output image and the inverse gain values, the virtual input image corresponding to second normal pixels and second phase detection pixels arranged in a second pattern, wherein the first processing module further generates a virtual output image obtained by correcting second values of the second phase detection pixels on the basis of the virtual input image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel compounds for inhibiting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NamPT), a composition comprising the same, and various uses thereof.

Abstract: A polythiol composition according to exemplary examples includes a tetrafunctional polythiol compound, and a sub-polythiol compound including a compound represented by C13H28S9 and a compound represented by C15H32S10. A ratio of the sub-polythiol compound measured through a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis graph is 1% to 5%. By adjusting the content of the sub-polythiol compound, it is possible to manufacture an optical product having excellent transmittance and optical properties.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices with improved performance and reliability and methods for forming the same are provided. The semiconductor devices include an active pattern extending in a first direction, gate structures spaced apart from each other in the first direction on the active pattern, a source/drain pattern on the active pattern, a source/drain contact on the source/drain pattern, and a contact liner extending along a sidewall of the source/drain contacts. A carbon concentration of the contact liner at a first point of the contact liner is different from a carbon concentration of the contact liner at a second point of the contact liner, and the first point is at a first height from an upper surface of the active pattern, the second point is at a second height from the upper surface of the active pattern, and the first height is smaller than the second height.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming a stack in which first material layers and second material layers are alternately stacked, forming a channel structure passing through the stack, forming openings by removing the first material layers, forming an amorphous blocking layer in the openings, and performing a first heat treatment process to supply deuterium through the openings and substitute hydrogen in the channel structure with the deuterium.

Abstract: A method of operating a remote controller for controlling one or more vehicles that are remotely controllable includes performing communication connection between a main controller of the remote controller and each of the one or more vehicles, the main controller including at least one processor; checking setting information of one or more secondary controllers connected to the main controller; and transmitting an input obtained by each of the one or more secondary controllers to a respective at least one vehicle of the one or more vehicles by referring to the setting information.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor device comprising a substrate, a first dielectric layer on the substrate, a first lower conductive line in the first dielectric layer, an etch stop layer on the first dielectric layer, a via-structure that penetrates the etch stop layer and connects to the first lower conductive line, a second dielectric layer on the etch stop layer, and an upper conductive line that penetrates the second dielectric layer and connects to the via-structure. The first dielectric layer includes a dielectric pattern at a level higher than a top surface of the first lower conductive line. The upper conductive line is in contact with a top surface of the etch stop layer. The etch stop layer has at an upper portion a rounded surface in contact with the via-structure.

Abstract: Techniques discussed herein can facilitate transmission and reception of group common PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) for NR (New Radio). One example embodiment employable by a UE (User Equipment) comprises processing circuitry configured to: process higher layer signaling that configures a set of combinations for slot formats for the UE; detect, via blind decoding on at least a portion of a control resource set, a DCI (Downlink Control Information) message that indicates a combination for slot formats of the set of combinations for slot formats via a SFI (slot format indicator); and determine a slot format for one or more slots based on the indicated combination for slot formats, wherein the slot format indicates, for each symbol of the one or more slots, whether that symbol is DL (Downlink), UL (Uplink), or a flexible symbol in the slot format.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, there are provided a secondary battery and a battery module including the secondary battery as a unit battery, the secondary battery including an electrode assembly including a first electrode group including a first cathode; and a second electrode group including a second cathode, wherein the first cathode includes a first cathode active material, and the second cathode includes a first cathode active material and a second cathode active material, and wherein the first cathode active material is a lithium-nickel composite oxide having primary particles whose particle diameter is less than or equal to 1 ?m, and the second cathode active material is a lithium-nickel composite oxide having primary particles whose particle diameter is greater than 1 ?m.

Abstract: A battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a battery stack in which a plurality of battery cells including a cathode tab and an anode tab are stacked; a first bus bar assembly including a first bus bar connecting cathode tabs and anode tabs located at one end of the battery stack; and a second bus bar assembly including a second bus bar connecting cathode tabs and anode tabs located at the other end of the battery stack. The first bus bar assembly or the second bus bar assembly may include a venting part including at least one venting knife which protrudes from the first bus bar or the second bus bar toward the battery cell, such that stability of the battery module may be improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image sensing system including a first sub-pixel array having an arrangement of K×K pixels, where “K” is a natural number greater than 4, wherein the first sub-pixel array includes: first pixels disposed in a first diagonal direction and each having a green filter; second pixels disposed in a second diagonal direction that intersects the first diagonal direction and each having a red filter, and third pixels disposed in the second diagonal direction and each having a blue filter; and fourth pixels each having a white filter and disposed at the other positions except for arrangement positions of the first to third pixels disposed in the first and second diagonal directions, and fifth pixels suitable for measuring depth information, and the fourth pixels and the fifth pixels are disposed in a first pattern.

Abstract: Provided are a monitoring device and method. A monitoring device includes a laser processor configured to emit a processing laser beam to perform a melting annealing process on a wafer; a laser monitor configured to emit a monitoring laser beam onto the wafer while the laser processor performs the melting annealing process, the laser monitor configured to measure reflectivity of the wafer; and a data processor configured to process data on the reflectivity measured by the laser monitor, and monitor one or more characteristics of the wafer based on the data on the reflectivity.

Abstract: A diamine composition comprising a benzylmonoamine having a methyl group in an amount of 10 ppm to 2,000 ppm in the composition and use thereof for the preparation of a diisocyanate composition and an optical material. A process for preparing a diisocyanate composition wherein the b* value according to the CIE color coordinate of the diamine composition is adjusted to a specific range, whereby the yield and purity of the diisocyanate composition and the optical characteristics of the final optical lens are enhanced. Use of the process for the diisocyanate composition for preparing a plastic optical lens of high quality.

Abstract: A positive active material for a lithium-sulfur battery is provided. The positive active material for a lithium-sulfur battery includes carbon layers and metal compound layers alternately and repeatedly stacked. Each of the metal compound layers includes molybdenum and sulfur. Sulfur of the positive active material for a lithium-sulfur battery is provided from the metal compound layer through a preliminary charge/discharge process.

Abstract: Provided herein may be an image sensing device and a method of operating the same. The image sensing device may include an image sensor configured to acquire an image including a plurality of pixel values, a memory configured to store reference gain values of each of a plurality of block areas included in the image, and an image processor configured to calculate gain values included in each of the plurality of block areas using the reference gain values and to output a correction image in which the reference gain values and the gain values are applied to the plurality of pixel values, wherein the block areas include a first block area and a second block area having a shorter distance from a center of the image than the first block area and having a size greater than that of the first block area.

Abstract: An unmanned following vehicle includes a controller that controls the unmanned following vehicle to move in parallel with a moving object by following the moving object on a left side or a right side of the moving object. For example, the controller adjusts a moving speed of the unmanned following vehicle according to a Y-axis coordinate difference value, which is a difference value between a position of the moving object and a position of the unmanned following vehicle in a forward direction. The controller also adjusts a steering direction and a steering angle of the unmanned following vehicle according to an X-axis coordinate difference value, which is a difference value between the position of the moving object and the position of the unmanned following vehicle in a lateral direction.