Abstract: Methods and apparatus for transmitting and receiving broadcast signals are provided. The method for transmitting a broadcast signal includes encoding mobile data for forward error correction (FEC), encoding signaling data, forming data groups including the encoded mobile data and the encoded signaling data and transmitting a signal frame that includes the data groups.

Abstract: A method includes measuring a linearity of a first pull-up circuit, a second pull-up circuit, a third pull-up circuit, a first pull-down circuit, a second pull-down circuit and a third pull-down circuit using an initial pull-up code and an initial pull-down code, each of the first pull-up circuit, the second pull-up circuit and the third pull-up circuit having a respective resistance value determined based on a respective pull-up code, and each of the first pull-down circuit, the second pull-down circuit and the third pull-down circuit having a respective resistance value determined based on a respective pull-down code, and determining a calibration setting indicator based on the measurement result, the calibration setting indicator indicating a calibration method of a transmission driver including the first pull-up circuit, the second pull-up circuit, the third pull-up circuit, the first pull-down circuit, the second pull-down circuit and the third pull-down circuit.

Abstract: A memory controller is for controlling operations of a nonvolatile memory including a first memory block group for storing a first type of data and a second memory block group for storing a second type of data. The memory controller includes a garbage collection management unit configured to execute a garbage collection policy in which a first garbage collection criteria is applied to the first memory block group, and a second garbage collection criteria is applied to the second memory block group, where first garbage collection criteria is different than the second garbage collection criteria.

Abstract: A memory device, a host device and a method of operating the memory device are provided. The memory device includes a data signal generator configured to provide a data signal to a transmission driver, the transmission driver configured to output a multi-level signal having any one of first to third signal levels based on the data signal, a command decoder configured to receive a feedback signal from outside of the memory device and decode the feedback signal, a data signal controller configured to adjust the data signal based on a decoding result of the command decoder, and a drive strength controller configured to adjust at least one of the first to third signal levels based on the decoding result of the command decoder.

Abstract: A flexible display panel of an expandable display device includes a first side with a display unit, and a second side opposite to the first side. A bending guide includes an external guide that faces part of the first side and has a first curved side, and an internal guide that faces part of the second side and has a second curved side. A slider that slides on the bending guide is attached to one end portion of the flexible display panel. A radius of the first curved side is greater than a radius of the second curved side. When the slider moves toward the bending guide, the first side contacts the first curved side and is bent by the first curved side, and when the slider moves away from the bending guide, the second side contacts the second curved side and is bent by the second curved side.

Abstract: Proposed is a composition for orthodontic correction and prevention and treatment of dental disorders, and the composition contains mesoporous silica particles and a zwitterionic material. The composition may reduce thickness and biomass of a saliva-derived biofilm, increase antifouling ability, and reduce viability of bacteria due to an adhesion resistance to fungi and bacteria. In addition, the composition may prevent protein adsorption, provide excellent wettability and mechanical properties, provide resistance to inflammation through amplification of SOD activity, and prevent aggregation of ceria particles. Due to the advantages stated above, a new dental material that overcomes the problems of existing dental materials may be provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for indicating an expected speed of a vehicle includes an information provider configured to provide vehicle driving information and deceleration event information required to determine the expected speed of the vehicle at a deceleration event point while the vehicle travels, a controller configured to detect a deceleration event on a travel path based on the vehicle driving information and the deceleration event information provided by the information provider and to determine the expected speed of the vehicle at the detected deceleration event point, and a display unit configured to receive a signal indicating the expected speed of the vehicle at the deceleration event point and the deceleration event information from the controller and to display the received expected speed of the vehicle in a predetermined form of an augmented reality (AR) image and a position of the deceleration event on an information display screen.

Abstract: A method for controlling a display device that includes a touch screen is provided. The method includes establishing a plurality of window display spaces in the touch screen, wherein each of the plurality of window display spaces displays a window for running an application, displaying a launcher application in one of the plurality of window display spaces, the launcher application presenting at least one icon to run at least one application, receiving in the launcher application a new application run command to run a new application, and displaying a new window for running the new application in one of the other window display spaces than the window display space where the launcher application is displayed, in response to the new application run command.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to a radar control device and method. Specifically, a radar control device according to the embodiments may include a transceiver configured to transmit a transmission signal to the surroundings of a host vehicle and receive a reception signal received by reflecting the transmission signal on an object, a determiner configured to generate a first range-Doppler map by performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) on the reception signal and generate a second range-Doppler map based on a comparison group including a plurality of preset temporary lateral distances, and determine a correlation coefficient between the first range-Doppler map and the second range-Doppler map, and an estimator configured to estimate a lateral distance between the host vehicle and the object based on the correlation coefficient.

Abstract: Disclosed are a control system for a fuel cell including a fuel cell configured to receive a fuel gas and an oxidation gas and generate electric power, a current controller configured to control an output current output from the fuel cell, based on a demanded current of the fuel cell, while maintaining an output voltage output from the fuel cell at a preset voltage or more, and a restriction controller configured to estimate an output current at the preset voltage as a maximum current when the output voltage of the fuel cell drops to become equal to or smaller than the preset voltage, and restrict the output current of the fuel cell to not more than a first restriction current set based on the estimated maximum current, and a control method for a fuel cell.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for heating a fluid flowing through a pipe using a combustion gas includes: a body including open upper and lower ends and having a space formed therein to allow the combustion gas to pass therethrough; a combustor formed in an upper portion of the space in which combustion of the combustion gas occurs; a heat exchange portion formed below the combustor and provided with a heat exchange pipe configured to heat an internal fluid by using the combustion gas; and a heat return pipe provided outside the space so as to be in contact with an outer surface of the body, wherein the combustor and the heat exchange portion may be unitarily formed, and the body in which the combustor is formed includes a concave portion protruding concavely inward so as to correspond to a shape of an outer circumferential surface of the heat return pipe.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a plurality of memory blocks and a contact region. Each of the plurality of memory blocks includes a plurality of memory cells. The contact region is formed between the plurality of memory blocks. The semiconductor memory device uses a first memory block that is not adjacent to the contact region and a second memory block adjacent to the contact region among the plurality of memory blocks differently.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for detecting a water level, which are capable of generating a water level detection signal which is alternating current output to a water level detection sensor by using two direct current control signals alternately output from a micom.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for heating a fluid flowing through a pipe using a combustion gas includes: a body including open upper and lower ends and having a space formed therein to allow the combustion gas to pass therethrough; a combustor formed in an upper portion of the space in which combustion of the combustion gas occurs; a heat exchange portion formed below the combustor and provided with a heat exchange pipe configured to heat an internal fluid by using the combustion gas; and a heat return pipe provided outside the space so as to be in contact with an outer surface of the body, wherein the combustor and the heat exchange portion may be unitarily formed, and the body in which the combustor is formed includes a concave portion protruding concavely inward so as to correspond to a shape of an outer circumferential surface of the heat return pipe.

Abstract: A vehicle may include a notification type determination device configured to identify a type of a text message received through a communication terminal and determining a notification type of the text message when the type of the text message is a public warning text, a notification content determination device configured to analyze a text string of the text message and determine notification content associated with the text message when the type of the text message is the public warning text, and an output device configured to output a notification to a passenger depending on the notification type and the notification content.

Abstract: Provided is a method for purifying an alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether carboxylic acid ester (AGAECE) for photoresist processing, wherein the method comprises the step of distillation after passing industrial AGAECE through a porous adsorbent impregnated with a basic material, and it is possible to obtain a semiconductor-grade high-purity AGAECE maintaining a low acid value and high purity according to the present invention.

Abstract: An algae treatment device of the present invention is installed in a ship or a barge and selectively destroys only the air-sacs of algae by discharging high-voltage micro pulses into waters of interest in which green tide or red tide has occurred. Thus, the algae treatment device can efficiently solve green tide or red tide by treating algae using a minimal amount of chemicals, or none at all.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional semiconductor memory device including a ferroelectric thin film. The method includes forming a mold structure including interlayer dielectric layers and sacrificial layers alternately stacked on a substrate, forming channel holes penetrating the mold structure, forming vertical channel structures inside the channel holes, forming an isolation trench penetrating the mold structure and having a line shape extending in one direction, selectively removing the sacrificial layers exposed by the isolation trench, forming gate electrodes filling a space from which the sacrificial layers are removed, and performing a heat treatment process and a cooling process for the vertical channel structures.

Abstract: A glass stack structure includes: a carrier plate having a width in a first direction and a length in a second direction; a stack glass on the carrier plate and including mother glasses sequentially stacked therein; adhesive lines including a high viscous material and arranged at peripheral portions of the carrier plate and the mother glasses to adhere the carrier plate to the mother glasses, and the adhesive lines includes wave lines extending in the second direction and spaced apart from each other in the first direction and linear lines extending in the first direction and spaced apart from each other in the second direction; and an adhesive layer including a low viscous material and covering a cell area of the carrier plate and the mother glasses to adhere the carrier plate to the mother glasses, where the cell area is defined by the wave lines and the linear lines.

Abstract: A method of operating an input/output interface includes selecting one of a plurality of output driver circuits according to a mode selection signal, and outputting a data signal using the selected one of the plurality of output driver circuits. Another method of operating an includes generating a mode selection signal based on a received command signal, and controlling an on-die termination (ODT) circuit included in the input/output interface according to the mode selection signal. Another method of operating an includes generating a mode selection signal based on a received command signal, and controlling an ODT circuit included in the input/output interface according to the mode selection signal.