Abstract: A secondary battery having weldability between a current collector plate and an electrode uncoated portion by increasing an absorption rate of a laser beam irradiated onto the current collector plate. The secondary battery includes an electrode assembly including a first electrode plate having a first electrode-uncoated portion protruding to one side, a second electrode plate having a second electrode-uncoated portion protruding to an opposite side, and a separator between the first and second electrode plates; a case accommodating the electrode assembly and having a bottom surface and long and short side surfaces extending upward from the bottom surface; and a first current collector plate having a flat portion, parallel to a short side surface, that is laser-welded to the first electrode-uncoated portion, and a protrusion portion protruding from the flat portion toward the short side surface. A surface treatment part is on the flat portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the preparation of citrullinated vimentin antigen-specific immune tolerogenic dendritic cells and a composition for preventing or treating heart failure after myocardial infarction comprising the same. According to the present disclosure, it is confirmed that immune tolerogenic dendritic cells differentiated by treating immature dendritic cells with citrullinated vimentin regulate the expression of immune-related factors and have an excellent therapeutic effect on heart failure caused by myocardial infarction.

Abstract: Provided is a solar cell and a manufacturing method thereof. The cell includes a back-contact electrode on a substrate, a light absorbing layer on the back-contact electrode, an anti-defect layer on the light absorbing layer, a buffer layer on the anti-defect layer, and an upper electrode on a buffer layer. The anti-defect layer may contain an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: Disclosed are semiconductor devices, electronic systems including the same, and methods of fabricating the same. The semiconductor device comprises a first gate stack structure including a first dielectric pattern and a first conductive pattern that are alternately stacked with each other, a memory channel structure including a first memory portion that penetrates the first gate stack structure, a through contact including a first through portion at a level the same as a level of the first memory portion, and a connection contact including a first connection portion at a level the same as the level of the first memory portion and the level of the first through portion. A minimum width of the first memory portion is less than a minimum width of the first through portion and a minimum width of the first connection portion.

Abstract: In the case of a gas in which several gases are mixed, a type and concentration of the gas may be incorrectly measured when measured using only an optical band-pass filter. The invention of the present application is directed to providing a technology in which a plurality of broadband band-pass filters having overlapping regions are provided to calculate a magnitude of absorption for each wavelength band for light passing through each broadband band-pass filter, thereby identifying the presence of a gas of interest and the presence of a gas other than the gas of interest.

Abstract: Provided are display panel manufacturing method and apparatus. The display panel manufacturing method includes detecting a machining target area of a bottom layer, removing an area, overlapping the machining target area, of a top layer, emitting a laser beam to the machining target area of the bottom layer to provide a bottom pattern from the machining target area, and providing a compensation pattern in the removed area of the top layer.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a human behavior recognition system using hierarchical class learning considering safety, the human behavior recognition system including a behavior class definer configured to form a plurality of behavior classes by sub-setting a plurality of images each including a subject according to pre-designated behaviors and assign a behavior label to the plurality of images, a safety class definer configured to calculate a safety index for the plurality of images, form a plurality of safety classes by sub-setting the plurality of images based on the safety index, and additionally assign a safety label to the plurality of images, and a trainer configured to train a human recognition model by using the plurality of images defined as hierarchical classes by assigning the behavior label and the safety label as training images.

Abstract: A heat management system including a refrigerant circulation line including a compressor, a water-cooling condenser, an air-cooling condenser, a first expansion valve, an evaporator, a refrigerant heat exchanger, and a gas/liquid separator that discharges only a liquid refrigerant, and cooling an indoor place by circulating a refrigerant; a heating line for heating the indoor place by circulating, through the water-cooling condenser, cooling water that exchanges heat with the refrigerant; and a cooling line for cooling a battery and an electrical component by circulating air or cooling water that exchanges heat with the refrigerant. Therefore, the present invention can not only cool and heat a vehicle but also efficiently manage heat for an electrical component and a battery in a vehicle, and can reduce the number of constituent components for heating and cooling.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic tension measurer, comprising: a band lengthily formed in a longitudinal direction; a main body formed to allow the band to be guided thereinto such that one-side end portion of the band is fixed and the other-side end portion thereof is drawn to the outside; a marking part implemented in the main body, and formed so as to enable marking in the band at a specific position in response to the tension applied to the band; and a stopper formed in the main body, and stopping the band at a specific position.

Abstract: Systems and methods for executing a simulation of a mold notching machine for secondary battery production by one or more processors to perform operations. The operations include executing an apparatus operating unit including a 3D mold notching machine related to secondary battery production, executing a facility operating unit including a plurality of adjustment parameters for determining an operation of the 3D mold notching machine, executing a quality checking unit including quality information related to quality of a material generated by the 3D mold notching machine, obtaining at least one of first user action information obtained through the apparatus operating unit or first user condition information obtained through the facility operating unit, determining operation of the 3D mold notching machine based on at least one of the first user action information or the first user condition information, and punching out electrodes based on the operation of the 3D mold notching machine.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell wherein carbon nanotubes are impregnated into Korean paper, thereby enhancing electroconductivity, and a gas diffusion layer manufactured thereby. The method for manufacturing a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell which is to manufacture a gas diffusion layer as a constituent member of a unit cell in a fuel cell, includes a support preparation step of preparing a support with Korean paper; a dispersion preparation step of dispersing a carbon substance in a solvent to form a dispersion, a coating step of coating the support with the dispersion, and a thermal treatment step of thermally treating the dispersion-coated support to fix the carbon substance to the support.

Abstract: A mask device includes a mesh mask and a metal mask disposed under the mesh mask. The mesh mask includes a mesh pattern and a plurality of first blocking portions disposed in the mesh pattern to block portions of the mesh pattern, the metal mask includes a plurality of second blocking portions overlapping the first blocking portions in a plan view, and the metal mask is provided with an accommodation opening defined through in the metal mask, and not overlapping the first blocking portions in a plan view.

Abstract: A refrigerator may include a storage compartment, an inner door which comprises an opening having a size corresponding to a size of the storage compartment, a plurality of door guards, and an outer door which open and close the storage compartment, wherein the inner door comprises a control unit may control an internal environment of the storage compartment.

Abstract: Provided are a computer system for transmitting audio content to realize a user-customized being-there and a method thereof. The computer system may be configured to detect audio files that are generated for a plurality of objects at a venue, respectively, and metadata including spatial features that are set for the objects at the venue, respectively, and to transmit the audio files and the metadata for a user. An electronic device of the user may realize a being-there at the venue by rendering the audio files based on the spatial features in the metadata. That is, the user may feel a user-customized being-there as if the user directly listens to audio signals generated from corresponding objects at a venue in which the objects are provided.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a structure for microbe detection comprises the steps of: reacting nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and an acid anhydride to prepare a first compound; chelation of metal ions to the first compound to prepare a second compound; binding the second compound and a microbe detector to prepare a third compound; and mixing an exfoliated transition metal-dichalcogenide (TMD) compound and the third compound to prepare a structure for microbe detection, in which the metal ions of the third compound are bound with the transition metal-dichalcogenide compound.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor package includes mounting semiconductor chips on an interposer, forming a molding part between the semiconductor chips, surrounding a plurality of bumps between the semiconductor chips and the interposer with a first underfill, forming a sacrificial layer that covers the semiconductor chips, forming a wafer level molding layer that covers the sacrificial layer, performing a planarization process to expose upper sides of the semiconductor chips, form the sacrificial layer into a sacrificial pattern, and form the wafer level molding layer into a wafer level molding pattern, removing the sacrificial pattern, performing a sawing process to remove an outer edge of the semiconductor package, mounting the interposer on a side of a package board, surrounding a plurality of bumps between the package board and the interposer with a second underfill, and attaching a stiffener to an outer portion of the package board.

Abstract: A method by a computer system including generating audio files based on respective audio signals, the audio signals having been respectively generated from a plurality of objects at a venue, generating metadata including spatial features at the venue that are respectively set for the objects, and transmitting the audio files and the metadata for the objects to a first electronic device to cause the first electronic device to realize a being-there at the venue by rendering the audio files based on the spatial features in the metadata may be provided.

Abstract: Provided are a computer system for producing audio content for realizing a user-customized being-there and a method thereof. The computer system may be configured to generate audio files based on respective audio signals that are respectively generated from a plurality of objects at a venue, set spatial features at the venue for the objects, respectively, using a production tool, and generate metadata for the audio files based on the spatial features. An electronic device may realize a being-there at the venue by rendering the audio files based on the spatial features in the metadata. That is, a user of the electronic device may feel a user-customized being-there as if the user directly listens to audio signals generated from corresponding objects at a venue in which the objects are provided.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed, including transistors, semiconductor devices and systems. Example semiconductor devices and methods include transistors formed from a plurality of semiconductor fins, and using a number of conductive lines passing through trenches between the fins to serve as a gate for the transistor.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. An electronic device includes a window including a first region parallel to a flat surface that is defined by a first direction and a second direction crossing the first direction and a second region extending from the first region and including a curved surface, a display module under the window, and an electronic module under the window and overlapping the second region, and the second region includes an edge of the window, and at least one hole is defined in the second region.