Abstract: A liquid crystal display preventing a light leakage is disclosed. The liquid crystal display includes gate lines and data lines disposed to cross over each other, a common line crossing over the data lines and disposed in parallel with the gate lines, a dummy data line crossing over the gate lines and disposed in parallel with the data lines, a dummy pixel electrode disposed in a dummy area formed by an outermost data line of the data lines, the dummy data line, and the gate lines, a pixel electrode disposed in a pixel area between inside data lines of the data lines and the gate lines, and a common electrode disposed to overlap the pixel electrode and the dummy pixel electrode. The dummy pixel electrode is connected to the common line.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a refrigerator having dividers movable in the left-right direction to efficiently use the internal space of a container and enabling a tray or a shelf used in the fridge room to be used in the freezer room as well by preventing the gap between the dividers from narrowing to a certain distance or less to put the tray on the dividers.

Abstract: An integral door guide assembly is removably coupled in an opening of a door of a refrigerator and has an adjustable height. The refrigerator includes a first door rotatably connected to a front surface of a main body, and having an opening in which a plurality of door guide assemblies can be arranged, and a second door rotatably connected to a front surface of the first door. The door guide assembly includes a door guide, a guide removably fixed on both side walls of the opening, a moving unit removably coupled with both side walls of the door guide, guided by the guide to move in an up-down direction, a stopper coupled with the guide, and caught by or released from the catching projections to adjust a position of the moving unit and a latch configured to fix the stopper released from the catching projections.

Abstract: A pellicle includes a pellicle frame, a pellicle membrane, and an attaching element, a first surface of the attaching element having exposed pores.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pre space transformer including: a substrate having a first surface and a second surface, which is an opposite surface to the first surface; individual electrodes disposed on the first surface; and common electrodes disposed in the substrate, wherein the individual electrodes are repeatedly disposed while configuring a unit pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for handling luggage and method thereof, the system including: a passport reader reading information on a passport and determining whether the passport is normal; a fingerprint reader reading a fingerprint and determining whether the fingerprint corresponds to the information; a face reader reading a face and determining whether the face corresponds to the information; a boarding pass reader reading a boarding pass and verifying a destination; a luggage measurement unit measuring weight of check-in luggage and determining whether the weight exceeds a permissible criterion; a payment processor processing payment when the weight exceeds the criterion; a luggage tag issuing unit issuing a tag for the luggage after the payment and attaching the tag to the luggage; a luggage tag reader reading the tag and verifying the destination; and a central controller controlling the above-described readers, the above-described units, and the payment processor.

Abstract: A photonic crystal laser and a strain measuring device are provided. The photonic crystal laser includes a disk-shaped photonic crystal structure two-dimensionally disposed in a matrix on a disposition plane and a flexible substrate disposed to support the photonic crystal structure and to cover at least a side surface of the photonic crystal structure.

Abstract: A pellicle includes a pellicle frame, a pellicle membrane, and an attaching element, a first surface of the attaching element having exposed pores.

Abstract: A refrigerator having improved space utilization includes a main body, a storage room formed inside of the main body, a center frame provided at the center of the storage room to be spaced apart from both side walls of the storage room and having a guide elongated in a front-rear direction of the storage room and a plurality of shelves detachably coupled to the guide so as to be movable along the guide, the plurality of shelves including a first shelf and a second shelf positioned under the first shelf while the second shelf moving along the same guide as the first shelf in an inverted state.

Abstract: A method for producing high-efficiency methanol capable of reducing emission of carbon dioxide. The method includes: a first step of preparing mixed gas by using steam and natural gas as raw materials and converting C2+ hydrocarbon contained in the natural gas into methane on a catalyst; a second step of preparing a synthesis gas including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen by reforming the mixed gas in a reformer filled with a reforming catalyst; and a third step of preparing methanol by using the synthesis gas as the raw material and reacting the synthesis gas.

Abstract: A fault determination system of a button-type shifter is provided. The system maximally guarantees the operation of a shift button while determining a failure of the shift button and improves reliability and fault diagnosis performance for the shift button. The system includes a base that is installed within a vehicle and includes shift buttons and contact points for each of the shift buttons. A controller receives contact signals from the contact points to thus determine a failure of the shift button when any one of the contact points is not sensed or is stuck when the shift button is engaged.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming a target etching layer on a substrate, patterning the target etching layer to form a pattern layer including a pattern portion having a first height and a first width and a recess portion having a second width, providing a first gas and a second gas on the pattern layer, and performing a reaction process including reacting the first and second gases with a surface of the pattern portion by irradiating a laser beam on the pattern layer. The performing the reaction process includes removing a portion of sidewalls of the pattern portion so that the pattern portion has a third width that is smaller than the first width.

Abstract: An array substrate for a liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes a common line and gate lines. The array substrate includes a first, second, and third passivation layer and thin film transistors (TFTs). The second passivation layer includes first and second holes respectively corresponding to a drain electrode and the common line. A common electrode on the second passivation layer includes a first opening corresponding to the TFTs and a second opening in the second hole. A drain contact hole through the third and first passivation layers exposes the drain electrode. A first common contact hole through the third passivation layer exposes the common electrode in the second hole. A second common contact hole through the third and first passivation layers exposes the common line, and a pixel electrode includes a third opening and a connection pattern connecting the common electrode to the common line on the third passivation layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a pellicle includes forming a membrane on a first surface of a substrate from a chemical reaction in which the substrate serves as a catalyst, forming a protective pattern on a second surface of the substrate, immersing the substrate in an etchant solution, such that a portion of the substrate exposed through the protective pattern is removed to form a frame, and replacing the etchant solution with a solvent.

Abstract: A fault determination system of a button-type shifter is provided. The system maximally guarantees the operation of a shift button while determining a failure of the shift button and improves reliability and fault diagnosis performance for the shift button. The system includes a base that is installed within a vehicle and includes shift buttons and contact points for each of the shift buttons. A controller receives contact signals from the contact points to thus determine a failure of the shift button when any one of the contact points is not sensed or is stuck when the shift button is engaged.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pre space transformer including: a substrate having a first surface and a second surface, which is an opposite surface to the first surface; individual electrodes disposed on the first surface; and common electrodes disposed in the substrate, wherein the individual electrodes are repeatedly disposed while configuring a unit pattern.

Abstract: An integral door guide assembly is removably coupled in an opening of a door of a refrigerator and has an adjustable height. The refrigerator includes a first door rotatably connected to a front surface of a main body, and having an opening in which a plurality of door guide assemblies can be arranged, and a second door rotatably connected to a front surface of the first door. The door guide assembly includes a door guide, a guide removably fixed on both side walls of the opening, a moving unit removably coupled with both side walls of the door guide, guided by the guide to move in an up-down direction, a stopper coupled with the guide, and caught by or released from the catching projections to adjust a position of the moving unit and a latch configured to fix the stopper released from the catching projections.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pre space transformer including: a substrate having a first surface and a second surface, which is an opposite surface to the first surface; individual electrodes disposed on the first surface; and common electrodes disposed in the substrate, wherein the individual electrodes are repeatedly disposed while configuring a unit pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method. The method includes placing a photomask on a receiver of a cleaning apparatus, removing adhesive residue from the photomask by irradiating laser on the adhesive residue, attaching a pellicle to the photomask, and exposing a semiconductor substrate to a light using the photomask, wherein the irradiating laser repeatedly pauses and restarts during the removing of the adhesive residue.

Abstract: A pellicle includes a pellicle membrane, which includes a porous thin film. The porous thin film includes a plurality of nanowires, which are arranged across one another to form a net structure. A photomask assembly includes the pellicle and a photomask, wherein the pellicle is fixed to a surface of the photomask.