Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel, high-yield and low-cost method for preparing entecavir, [1-S-(1?,3?,4?)]-2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylenecyclopentyl]-6H-purin-6-one, an antiviral agent, and novel intermediates used therein.

Abstract: A charge pumping circuit is provided to regulate the amount of charge to be pumped according to a driving voltage to reduce the loss of power and increase charge pumping efficiency. The charge pumping circuit includes: a driving voltage sensing unit sensing a driving voltage to generate one or more sensing signals for determining the amount of charge to be pumped; a multi-level clock generation unit generating a pair of clock signals each having an amplitude corresponding to a signal value of each of the one or more sensing signals; and a charge pumping unit charging the pair of clock signals to generate a charged voltage, adding the charged voltage to the driving voltage, and outputting the same.

Abstract: A group key management method for secure multicast communication includes: creating a tree having a root node, internal nodes and leaf nodes to manage group keys of a receiver group by a group key management server; generating user keys of all nodes excluding the root node in the tree on the basis of Chinese Remainder Theorem; assigning the leaf nodes of the tree to users of the receiver group; and sending the user keys of the leaf nodes to the corresponding users for group key management. Further, the group key management method for secure multicast communication includes generating group keys of all non-leaf nodes; computing a solution of congruence equations based on the user key and group key by using Chinese Remainder Theorem for each non-leaf node; and multicasting a group key update message to each user of the respective leaf nodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cardiovascular disorders comprising amlodipine and losartan as active ingredients, and a disintegrant which is a mixture of at least two components selected from the group consisting of sodium starch glycolate, crosscarmellose sodium, and crosspovidone, which exhibits a high and stable level of amlodipine and losartan dissolution rates.

Abstract: A spindle motor is provided. The spindle motor includes a rotation shaft rotatably installed, a stator around the rotation shaft, a rotor coupled to the rotation shaft, a turntable rotated with the rotation shaft, and a center guide member comprising a body coupled to the rotation shaft and a support rim extending from the body, the support rim can comprise a first sloped surface extending from an outer surface of the body and making an angle of about 47° to 53° with an imaginary vertical line parallel with the rotation shaft, and a second sloped surface extending from an end of the first sloped surface and making an angle of about 16° to 22° with an imaginary vertical line parallel with the rotation shaft.

Abstract: The present invention relates to light diffusion type light emitting diodes, more particularly, to a light emitting device having a large divergence angle by widely spreading an emitted light from a single color to a white color and a method thereof. The light emitting diode including the encapsulating layer according to the present invention is characterized by including at least two materials with different characteristics. According to the present invention, an encapsulating material for light emitting diode is mixed with at least two materials with a different polarity or a refractive index to easily form a light emitting diode. In addition, the light emitting diode die is bonded on the bottom surface of a cup, and an encapsulating material and microspheres are dispersed in the vicinity and upper portion of the light emitting diode and the entire light emitting diode, therefore the light emitting diode has a large and uniform divergence angle due to a light uniformly scattered and refracted.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electromagnetic bandgap structure and a printed circuit board that can solve a mixed signal problem between an analog circuit and a digital circuit. The electromagnetic bandgap structure in which a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer and a second metal layer are stacked can include a first metal plate, formed between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer; a second metal plate, formed on a same planar surface as the first metal plate, accommodated into a hole which is formed in the first metal plate and electrically connected to the first metal plate through a metal line; and a via, connecting the second metal plate to any one of the first metal layer and the second metal layer. With the present invention, the electromagnetic bandgap structure can be not only miniaturized but also have a low bandgap frequency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plastic substrate having a multi-layer structure and a method for preparing the same. The plastic substrate of the present invention comprises plastic films attached to each other, and a first buffering layer of an organic-inorganic hybrid, a layer of gas barrier, and a second buffering layer of an organic-inorganic hybrid which are stacked on both sides of the plastic films in an orderly manner, each layer forming a symmetrical arrangement centering around the plastic films. Because the plastic substrate of the present invention has a small coefficient of thermal expansion, excellent dimensional stability, and superior gas barrier properties, it can replace the brittle and heavy glass substrate in display devices. Also, it can be used for a variety of packaging or container materials in applications requiring superior gas barrier properties.

Abstract: A method of forming a servo track on a recording medium includes; forming a magnetic layer, defining a first servo track region having a plurality of first magnetic segments and a second servo track region having a second plurality of magnetic segments in the magnetic layer, applying a first magnetic field to induce a first magnetization direction in the first and second pluralities of magnetic segments, forming first magnetic patterns, each having a first width, and second magnetic patterns, each having a second width different from the first width, on a first side of a substrate, disposing the substrate on the recording medium, such that the first magnetic patterns are aligned in correspondence with the plurality of first magnetic segments and the second magnetic patterns are aligned in correspondence with the plurality of second magnetic segments, and applying a second magnetic field to the recording medium to selectively induce a second magnetization direction into first selected ones of the first plurali

Abstract: A processor simulation technique to evaluate the performance of a processor that executes application programs is provided. The processor simulation technique may be used to optimize the execution of an application program. A simulator of a reconfigurable processor including a plurality of functional units models a processor by representing routing paths between functional units that generate operands and functional units that consume the operands. The size of each queue may be decided based on information regarding routing delays between functional units and stage information of iteration loops according to modulo scheduling received from a scheduler. A modeling code DB that stores host-oriented binary codes for operations of routing queues is also provided. The simulation may be performed by executing a host-directed binary code corresponding to a binary file instead of the binary file.

Abstract: Provided are a method for preparing fine round powdery polycarbonate and a method for preparing a high molecular weight polycarbonate resin using the same. More specifically, provided are a method for preparing fine round powdery polycarbonate, comprising (A) polymerizing non-phosgene polycarbonate, (B) extruding the polycarbonate into fine round powdery amorphous polycarbonate, (C) surface-crystallizing the fine round powdery amorphous polycarbonate in the presence of a solvent or dispersion medium, and (D) drying the surface-crystallized fine round powdery polycarbonate, and a method for preparing high molecular weight polycarbonate resin capable of obtaining polycarbonates with various molecular weights ranging from low molecular weights to high molecular weights by continuously using the obtained fine round powdery polycarbonate via a solid state polymerization step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cardiovascular disorders comprising granular forms of amlodipine and losartan which are separated from each other, and a stabilizing agent, which has improved storage stability due to minimized interaction between amlodipine and losartan.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cardiovascular disorders comprising amlodipine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and losartan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which exhibits high dissolution rates of amlodipine and losartan even under a low pH condition and improved storage stability.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a nonvolatile memory device including forming on a lower insulating layer a first sacrificial pattern having first openings extending in a first direction, forming a second sacrificial pattern having second openings extending in a second direction on the lower insulating layer and the first sacrificial pattern wherein the second openings intersect the first openings, etching the lower insulating layer using the first and second sacrificial patterns to form a lower insulating pattern having contact holes defined by a region where the first and second openings intersect each other, forming a bottom electrode in the contact holes, and forming a variable resistance pattern on the lower insulating pattern so that a portion of the variable resistance pattern connects to a top surface of the bottom electrode.

Abstract: A voltage-controlled oscillator includes a voltage regulator, and a delay unit. The voltage regulator independently receives a first oscillation control signal and a second oscillation control signal to provide a regulated voltage signal which is represented by a regular ratio of combination of the first and second oscillation control signals, and the regulated voltage signal is feedback to the voltage regulator. The delay unit generates an output signal having a frequency varying in response to the regulated voltage signal.

Abstract: A display filter includes a transparent substrate and a first polarizer film. The first polarizer film allows only a component of ambient light that has passed through the transparent substrate to pass through, the component being parallel to a first polarizer axis.

Abstract: A power plate for driving a robot is provided herein. The power plate is capable of driving the robot in a stable manner. This stable drive of the robot is achieved by preventing a whole system paralysis phenomenon, which is caused by a local short-circuit occurring in a certain part of the power plate. The whole system paralysis is prevented by selectively breaking power supplied to a power supply pattern in association with the part where the short-circuit occurs.

Abstract: A display apparatus for a portable terminal includes an expandable flexible display unit, a sensing unit including of a plurality of magnets and a plurality of sensors sensing the magnets to sense an amount of display unit area accommodated in an accommodation unit of the display unit, and a controller setting pixel values according to sensed amount of the display unit area.

Abstract: A display apparatus and a light source module are provided. The display apparatus includes: a display unit; and a light source module providing light so that an image is displayed on the display unit, the light source module including: a light emitting element which emits the light; a base substrate on which the light emitting element; and a cooling unit including: a capillary tube forming part which a capillary tube inside the base substrate and extending between a first area and a second area farther away from the light emitting element than the first area, and coolant which travels between the first area and the second area in the capillary tube according to a change in phase caused by heat from the light emitting element to transfer the heat from the first area to the second area, and which cools the emitted heat.