Abstract: A battery pack including a plurality of battery cells and a method of controlling the battery pack are provided. The method includes: permanently cutting off charging and discharging paths of the battery pack; and discharging one or more of the battery cells when a condition of which satisfies a reference condition. Therefore, state of the battery pack changes from its failure state to a stable state.

Abstract: An apparatus for depositing an organic material and a depositing method thereof, wherein a deposition process is performed with respect to a second substrate while transfer and alignment processes are performed with respect to a first substrate in a chamber, so that loss of an organic material wasted in the transfer and alignment processes can be reduced, thereby maximizing material efficiency and minimizing a processing tack time. The apparatus includes a chamber having an interior divided into a first substrate deposition area and a second substrate deposition area, an organic material deposition source transferred to within ones of the first and second substrate deposition areas to spray particles of an organic material onto respective ones of first and second substrates and a first transferring unit to rotate the organic material deposition source in a first direction from one of the first and second substrate deposition areas to an other of the first and second substrate deposition areas.

Abstract: Provided is an evaporating apparatus that deposits a deposition material onto a treatment object. The evaporating apparatus includes a base, a deposition source, and first and second correction units. The deposition source deposits the deposition material onto the treatment object. The base is disposed separately from the treatment object. The deposition source is placed on a surface of the base. The first and second correction units located between the deposition source and the treatment object. The first and second correction units are disposed on outer regions of the deposition source and face each other. Each of the first and second correction units rotates to control the thickness of a layer formed by the deposition material deposited on the treatment object.

Abstract: A battery system is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes i) a plurality of battery modules each of which is configured to store power, wherein each battery module is electrically connected to at least one other battery module and ii) a plurality of management units configured to monitor states of the battery modules. Each management unit is electrically connected to at least one other management unit and one or more of the battery modules. Each management unit may include: at least one measuring unit configured to perform the monitoring and a receiving unit configured to i) receive measurement data including the monitoring results from the measuring unit via a first communication protocol and ii) receive measurement data from another receiving unit included in another management unit via a second communication protocol different from the first communication protocol.

Abstract: A battery system simulation apparatus that enables a battery system to be stably driven by using simulation data. The battery system simulation apparatus includes a voltage simulator that outputs an imaginary simulation voltage corresponding to a battery included in a battery system, to a battery management unit for controlling the battery, and a simulation verification unit that receives control results of the battery which is generated in dependence upon the imaginary simulation voltage. The control results are transmitted by the battery management unit.

Abstract: A protein complex comprising a first polypeptide comprising a first antigen-binding region; a second polypeptide comprising a second antigen-binding region; and a linker connecting the first polypeptide and the second polypeptide, wherein the first antigen-binding region is a single stranded polypeptide comprising a first light chain antigen-binding region and a first heavy chain antigen-binding region, the second antigen-binding region is a single stranded polypeptide comprising a second light chain antigen-binding region and a second heavy chain antigen-binding region, and the linker connects the C-terminal of the first polypeptide and the N-terminal of the second polypeptide, and comprises a tag including a cleavable amino acid sequence at one terminal or both terminals of the linker; as well as a bispecific antibody derived from the protein complex, and related compositions and methods.

Abstract: A battery pack includes: a first battery cell group including at least one high capacity battery cell; and a second battery cell group including at least one high output battery cell and being coupled in parallel to the first battery cell group, wherein the high output battery cell is configured to output a greater current than the high capacity battery cell, the high capacity battery cell is configured to store a greater amount of electric energy compared to the high output battery cell, and the battery pack is configured to operate in one of operational modes including: a high capacity mode for outputting electric energy stored in the first battery cell group; a high output mode for outputting electric energy stored in the second battery cell group; and a mutual charge mode for charging the first battery cell group or the second battery cell group.

Abstract: A device for manufacturing a display device includes a deposition source; a deposition thickness calculator for calculating a deposition thickness of a deposition material deposited on a substrate; and a controller for controlling a power of a heater which heats the deposition source by comparing the deposition thickness calculated with a reference thickness. The controller controls the power of the heater either at least one time for each substrate on which the thin film is to be deposited or at regular intervals while the deposition material is deposited. Influence of measurement noise that is included in a quartz crystal sensor for measuring a deposition speed may be minimized, and distribution of deposition thickness of an organic light emitting material may be reduced, thereby increasing the yield of the deposition process and producing quality display devices.

Abstract: A battery pack is disclosed. The battery pack has an analog front end which senses if a failure occurs in a microcontroller, and interrupts charging and discharging of the battery in response to the failure.

Abstract: A protection circuit of a battery pack capable of detecting the error of a charging device from the battery pack. The protection circuit of the battery pack having a battery cell charged by a charging device, the protection circuit including a charge switch coupled to a high current path (HCP), the charge switch disposed between the battery cell and the charging device charging the battery cell and a controller sensing a voltage or a current of the charging device during a charge stop period stopping a charging of the battery cell and determining whether an error of the charging device occurs according to the voltage or the current of the charging device.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for producing chalcopyrite compound (e.g., copper indium selenide (CIS), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), copper indium sulfide (CIS) or copper indium gallium sulfide (CIGS)) thin films. The methods are based on solution processes, such as printing, particularly, multi-stage coating of pastes or inks of precursors having different physical properties. Chalcopyrite compound thin films produced by the methods can be used as light-absorbing layers for thin-film solar cells. The use of the chalcopyrite compound thin films enables the fabrication of thin-film solar cells with improved efficiency at low costs.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus is disclosed. The power supply apparatus includes a rechargeable battery and a battery management system (BMS) for managing charging and discharging of the battery. The power supply apparatus is configured to supply an operating power to the BMS from an external power of an external power source when the external power source is in a normal state and is capable of supplying the external power to a load through the power supply apparatus. The power supply apparatus is further configured to supply the operating power to the BMS from electric energy stored in the battery when the external power source is in a state different from the normal state and not capable of supplying the external power to the load through the power supply apparatus.

Abstract: A battery management system is disclosed. The system includes a controller configured to determine whether to balance battery cells or trays based at least in part on a parameter of each of the battery cells or trays and a factor representing a degree of use of each of the battery cells or trays. The controller also balances the battery cells or trays based on whether the battery cells are to be balanced.

Abstract: A battery pack, a charger, and a charging system. The battery pack includes a rechargeable battery, and a protection circuit to control charging and discharging of the battery, wherein the protection circuit includes a micom to output an operating state signal representing an operating state of the micom and a malfunction transferring unit to transfer information on whether the battery is malfunctioning based on the operating state signal. Accordingly, when an error is detected by the protection circuit of the battery pack, charging is stopped, and thus the battery pack may be stably charged.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bifacial thin film solar cell that is applicable to a BIPV window, particularly a bifacial CIGS thin film solar cell that can generate electricity by both sunlight and indoor illumination due to its ability to absorb light at both front and rear sides. According to several embodiments, visible light in a particular wavelength region can be transmitted through the semi-transparent thin film solar cell. In addition, high stability and safety of the thin film solar cell can be ensured because there is no need to use organic materials and liquid electrolytes. Furthermore, the fabrication cost of the thin film solar cell can be reduced by a low cost solution process. The thin film solar cell exhibits various other effects described in the specification.

Abstract: A battery pack and a method of controlling the same is disclosed. The battery pack determines a cell deviation after the battery pack is fully charged or over-discharged, and thus the battery pack can reduce the cell deviation by performing cell balancing.

Abstract: A battery pack, a charging system including the battery pack, and a method of controlling the charging system are disclosed. The battery pack includes a plurality of rechargeable battery cells and a protection circuit for protecting the battery cells. The protection circuit includes an analog front end (AFE) integrated circuit (IC) and a microcomputer. The AFE IC is for supplying an operating voltage of a microcomputer to the microcomputer and to a charging device. Thus, when the battery pack is charged, an abnormal operation of the AFE IC can be detected by the charging device and the charging of the battery pack stopped, thereby preventing an explosion of the battery pack.

Abstract: A substrate centering device for an organic material deposition system comprises: a plurality of substrate support holders configured to be reciprocally movable in a facing direction within an organic material deposition chamber and supporting both side portions of a substrate loaded by a robot; a substrate centering unit configured to be reciprocally movable at each of the substrate support holders and centering the substrate by guiding both side portions of the substrate; and a plurality of substrate clampers configured to be reciprocally movable in a vertical direction at each of the substrate support holders, and clamping the substrate that has been centered by the substrate centering unit.

Abstract: A multiple vacuum evaporation coating device and a method for controlling the same. The vacuum evaporation coating device includes a plurality of evaporation sources, a rotating part adapted to rotate the plurality of evaporation sources and a coating block plate adapted to block all but one of said plurality of evaporation sources at any time, each of the plurality of evaporation sources comprise a case, a melting pot arranged within said case, an evaporation material arranged within the melting pot, a heating device arranged outside the melting pot and adapted to heat and evaporate the evaporation material, and a cooling device adapted to block heat generated by the heating device from transferring to an outside.

Abstract: An apparatus for depositing an organic material and a depositing method thereof, wherein a deposition process is performed with respect to a second substrate while transfer and alignment processes are performed with respect to a first substrate in a chamber, so that loss of an organic material wasted in the transfer and alignment processes can be reduced, thereby maximizing material efficiency and minimizing a processing tack time. The apparatus includes a chamber having an interior divided into a first substrate deposition area and a second substrate deposition area, an organic material deposition source transferred to within ones of the first and second substrate deposition areas to spray particles of an organic material onto respective ones of first and second substrates and a first transferring unit to rotate the organic material deposition source in a first direction from one of the first and second substrate deposition areas to an other of the first and second substrate deposition areas.