Abstract: The present invention relates to a program analysis device and method, wherein the program analysis device may comprise: a selection unit for selecting one of top-down processing or bottom-up processing for at least one analysis equation among a plurality of analysis equations; a first learning unit which, when the selection unit selects the top-down processing, performs top-down processing for the at least one analysis equation on the basis of a first learning algorithm in response to the selection, and thereby acquires at least one first learned analysis equation; and a second learning unit which, when the selection unit selects the bottom-up processing, performs bottom-up processing for the at least one analysis equation on the basis of a second learning algorithm in response to the selection, and thereby acquires at least one second learned analysis equation.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a substrate including a first face, on which an active area is formed, and a second face opposite to the first face; an electronic element formed on the active area; a front wiring structure disposed on the first face of the substrate and connected to the electronic element; a trench capacitor filling at least a portion of a back trench extending into the substrate from the second face of the substrate; a back wiring structure disposed on the second face of the substrate and connected to the trench capacitor; and a through-via extending through the substrate to electrically connect the electronic element and the back wiring structure to each other.

Abstract: An espresso extraction device and an espresso extraction method are described that utilize a control unit that controls an operation of a valve unit or a pressure unit that adjusts pressure applied to an extraction unit of the device based on sensing data of a sensor unit in the extraction unit. A portafilter can be mounted on a head of the extraction unit, removing bubbles in the pressure unit by filling the pressure unit with a fluid and controlling the operation of the valve unit, removing bubbles in the extraction unit by filling the extraction unit with a fluid and controlling the operation of the valve unit, extracting espresso by exerting pressure to a fluid contained in the extraction unit by operating the pressure unit, receiving extraction pressure in the extraction unit via a sensor unit, and controlling the operation of the pressure unit on the basis of extraction pressure.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory may include; a first memory cell array including a first selection transistor connected to a first string selection line, a second memory cell array including a second selection transistor connected to a second string selection line and spaced apart from the first string selection line by a first cutting line, and a peripheral circuit. The peripheral circuit may provide a first program voltage to the first selection transistor, provide a second program voltage to the second selection transistor different from the first program voltage, program the first selection transistor with a first threshold voltage in response to the first program voltage, and program the second selection transistor with a second threshold voltage level greater than the first threshold voltage in response to the second program voltage.

Abstract: An electronic component includes a microbody including a body including a plurality of dielectric layers and a plurality of internal electrodes disposed with a corresponding dielectric layer interposed therebetween, and an electrode layer disposed on an external side surface of the body and connected to a portion of the plurality of internal electrodes; and a sealing thin film. The microbody includes a microhole extending in at least a portion of the dielectric layer, the internal electrode, and the electrode layer through a surface of the microbody. The sealing thin film includes an internal sealing thin film disposed in at least a portion of an internal space of the open microhole to seal the microhole.

Abstract: A display device includes a base substrate including a first sub-pixel area, a second sub-pixel area, and a third sub-pixel area, first to third thin film transistors on the base substrate and including first to third active patterns, respectively, first to third pixel electrodes electrically connected to the first to third thin film transistors, respectively and in the first to third sub-pixel areas, respectively, a blue light emitting layer on the first to third pixel electrodes and configured to emit a blue light, a first color conversion pattern in the first sub-pixel area on the blue light emitting layer, a second color conversion pattern in the second sub-pixel area on the blue light emitting layer, and a red color filter layer between the blue light emitting layer and the first to third active patterns.

Abstract: A display device includes a first conductive layer disposed on a substrate, a passivation layer disposed on the first conductive layer, a second conductive layer disposed on the passivation layer, a via layer disposed on the second conductive layer, a third conductive layer disposed on the via layer, the third conductive layer including a first electrode, a second electrode, a connection pattern, the first electrode, the second electrode, and the connection pattern being spaced apart from each other, and a light emitting element, a first end and a second end of the light emitting element being disposed on the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively, wherein the connection pattern electrically connects the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer through a first contact hole penetrating the via layer and the passivation layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transmissive wavelength tunable hyperspectral filter using layered twisted liquid crystal thin film, wherein the transmissive wavelength tunable hyperspectral filter is formed by laminating two or more layered twisted liquid crystal thin films having different broadband reflection bandgaps, wherein each of the layered twisted liquid crystal thin films includes a twisted liquid crystal layer including a plurality of unit liquid crystal molecules, and formed by arranging twisted liquid crystal complexes defining a preset cone angle along the helical axis with respect to the helical axis, and includes a pseudo-layer formed by arranging a plurality of twisted liquid crystal layers in a lengthwise direction of the helical axis at a preset inter-layer pitch (P).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition for preparing a vinyl chloride-based polymer and a method of preparing a vinyl chloride-based polymer using the same, and provides the composition giving excellent productivity for preparing a vinyl chloride-based polymer includes while maintaining excellent foaming and viscosity properties of a plastisol including the prepared vinyl chloride-based polymer, by including a pH regulator composed of a carbonate-based metal salt, and a transition metal catalyst in the composition, and controlling an amount of the transition metal catalyst, and controlling an amount of a reducing agent such that a trace amount or none of the reducing agent is included, and the method of preparing a vinyl chloride-based polymer using the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a vinyl chloride-based polymer, the method including a step of injecting an ionizable normal salt and polymerizing a vinyl chloride monomer in the presence of one or more emulsifiers and a polymerization initiator, wherein the ionizable normal salt includes a carbonate metal salt or a sulfite metal salt, and the ionizable normal salt is continuously injected in an amount of 70 to 1200 ppm based on the total weight of the vinyl chloride monomer when a polymerization conversion rate is in a range of 0% to 20%. The method capable of preparing a vinyl chloride-based polymer suitable as an eco-friendly material, while not affecting the rate of polymerization reaction and decreasing the generation amount of total volatile organic compounds by controlling the injection time, injection amount and kind of the ionizable normal salt, is provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound, a plurality of host materials, and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. By comprising the compound according to the present disclosure or by comprising a specific combination of compounds according to the present disclosure as a plurality of host materials, it is possible to produce an organic electroluminescent device having improved driving voltage, luminous efficiency, and/or lifetime properties compared to the conventional organic electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate; a first conductive layer on the substrate and comprising a first signal line; an insulating layer pattern on the first conductive layer; a semiconductor pattern on the insulating layer pattern; a gate insulating layer on the semiconductor pattern; and a second conductive layer comprising a gate electrode on the gate insulting layer and a first source/drain electrode and a second source/drain electrode, each on at least a part of the semiconductor pattern, wherein the insulating layer pattern and the semiconductor pattern have a same planar shape, the semiconductor pattern comprises a channel region overlapping the gate electrode, a first source/drain region on a first side of the channel region and a second source/drain region on a second side of the channel region, and the first source/drain electrode electrically connects the first source/drain region and the first signal line.

Abstract: A display device according to an embodiment includes a light blocking layer disposed on a substrate; an oxygen supply layer disposed on and contacting the light blocking layer; a semiconductor layer disposed on the oxygen supply layer; and a light emitting diode electrically connected with the semiconductor layer. The semiconductor layer includes an oxide semiconductor, and the oxygen supply layer includes a metal oxide that includes at least one of indium, zinc, gallium, and tin.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel compounds of Chemical Formula 1, optical isomers of the compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds or the optical isomers. The compounds, isomers, and salts exhibit excellent activity as GLP-1 receptor agonists. In particular, they, as GLP-1 receptor agonists, exhibit excellent glucose tolerance, thus having a great potential to be used as therapeutic agents for metabolic diseases. Moreover, they exhibit excellent pharmacological safety for cardiovascular systems.

Abstract: An image sensor including: a substrate which includes a first surface and a second surface opposite each other; a plurality of pixels, each pixel including a photoelectric conversion layer in the substrate; a pixel separation pattern disposed in the substrate and separating the pixels; a surface insulating layer disposed on the first surface of the substrate; conductor contacts disposed in the surface insulating layer; and a grid pattern disposed on the surface insulating layer, wherein the pixel separation pattern includes a first portion and a second portion arranged in a direction parallel to the first surface of the substrate, and the conductor contacts are interposed between the first portion of the pixel separation pattern and the grid pattern and are not interposed between the second portion of the pixel separation pattern and the grid pattern.

Abstract: A drone swarm control method is provided. The drone swarm control method includes displaying a drone swarm and a three-dimensional (3D) terrain projected onto a virtual reality (VR) space by using a VR headset, based on user manipulation, selecting a small-scale drone swarm, provided in a region of interest (ROI) set in the 3D terrain, from the drone swarm by using a VR controller, based on the user manipulation, and dividing, by using a server, the ROI into a plurality of cells, respectively allocating the divided plurality of cells to drones included in the small-scale drone swarm, and automatically generating a 3D flight path of a drone allocated to each of the divided plurality of cells, based on user input information representing the small-scale drone swarm and the ROI.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing non-sintered liquid metal ink, and more particularly, to a method of manufacturing liquid metal ink manufactured without a sintering process. The method of manufacturing liquid metal ink according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: (a) inputting a solvent into liquid metal in a container at room temperature; (b) performing oxide film-removing treatment on the liquid metal of step (a); and (c) dispersing the liquid metal that has undergone step (b) in a form of nanoparticles through ultrasonic treatment.

Abstract: A semiconductor device fabrication apparatus including a grinder comprising a grinding part, the grinding part configured to grind a first surface of a substrate, a laser emitter configured to emit a femtosecond pulse laser to the first surface of the substrate transferred from the grinder, and a mount configured to attach a die attach film to the first surface of the substrate transferred from the laser emitter, wherein the grinding part is configured to grind the first surface of the substrate, which has been introduced into the grinder, and the laser emitter is configured to emit the femtosecond pulse laser to the ground first surface of the substrate may be provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for encoding and decoding an image by skip encoding. The image-encoding method by skip encoding, which performs intra-prediction, comprises: performing a filtering operation on the signal which is reconstructed prior to an encoding object signal in an encoding object image; using the filtered reconstructed signal to generate a prediction signal for the encoding object signal; setting the generated prediction signal as a reconstruction signal for the encoding object signal; and not encoding the residual signal which can be generated on the basis of the difference between the encoding object signal and the prediction signal, thereby performing skip encoding on the encoding object signal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of operating a terminal according to an embodiment, including: receiving, by the terminal, federated learning-related configuration information; learning, by the terminal, a local model based on the federated learning-related configuration information; receiving, by the terminal, a local model weight request message; transmitting a first response message based on the received weight request message; receiving information associated with a total local model based on the first response message; transmitting a second response message based on the received information associated with the total local model; receiving resource allocation-related information based on the second response message; and performing federated learning based on the received resource allocation-related information.