Abstract: Disclosed is a photo-electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a conductive substrate; a meso-porous metal oxide thin film formed on the surface of the conductive substrate; a porous film formed on the meso-porous metal oxide thin film and comprising metal oxide nanoparticles; and a photosensitive dye adsorbed on the surface of the porous film; and a process for preparation thereof.

Abstract: The present invention apparatus and method that allows the geographical location of a user with respect to a designated geographical location to be determined in a manner that cost-efficient, the user given several options regarding the way in which his of her present location is determined as well as the format in which the user's relative position to the designated geographical location is represented and the apparatus being easy to operate and relatively lightweight.

Abstract: A method for synchronizing use Information of a mobile communication terminal and a system are provided. In system and method, for synchronizing use information between a first mobile communication terminal and a second mobile communication terminal including short-range wireless communication units includes requesting connection for use information synchronization to the second mobile communication terminal by the first mobile communication terminal, if a response signal to the connection request is received from the second mobile communication terminal, transmitting use information of the first mobile communication terminal to the second mobile communication terminal, and updating by the second mobile communication terminal use information of the second mobile communication terminal using the transmitted use information of the first mobile communication terminal.

Abstract: The present invention apparatus and method that allows the geographical location of a user with respect to a designated geographical location to be determined in a manner that cost-efficient, the user given several options regarding the way in which his of her present location is determined as well as the format in which the user's relative position to the designated geographical location is represented and the apparatus being easy to operate and relatively lightweight.

Abstract: A method for encoding a channel using a parallel convolutional encoder is disclosed. The method includes the steps of a first step for performing an encoding operation using a parallel convolutional encoder at the time when a data is inputted into a frame input data register for implementing a channel encoding operation and generating a code symbol, and a second step for storing the thusly generated code symbol into an interleaver RAM which is alternately selected by the frame unit.

Abstract: A front loading device of a magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus comprises a plurality of gears gearing into each other, a worm and a worm gear. One of the plurality of gears engages with an arm gear moving a cassette holder. The worm and the worm gear engage with each other in order to reversibly rotate each other. The worm is coaxially connected to a loading motor in order to cooperate with the loading motor, and the worm gear is integrally formed with another one of the plurality of gears. The device allows a cassette along with the cassette holder to smoothly move inward along a guide opening of a bracket when the cassette is mistakenly inserted into the cassette holder and forcibly pushed such as by a child under the condition that a loading motor is applied with no electric power. Damage to the elements of the device is thereby prevented.

Abstract: A driving device for a magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus having a simple construction. The driving device includes a loading motor, a first spur gear and a first worm, a second spur gear and a second worm mounted on a base plate such that they are parallel to the first spur gear and the first worm, an actuating gear provided between the base plate and an actuating plate and engaging with the second worm, a pinch roller actuating gear engaging with the first actuating gear, a first gear provided on the actuating plate and engaging with the first actuating gear, a pinch drive assembly having an input gear at its lower section. This input gear engages with the pinch roller actuating gear. The driving device also includes a tape cassette loading housing having a worm gear engaging with the first worm.