Abstract: The present invention provides a method of transmitting broadcast signals. The method includes, formatting input streams into Data Pipe (DP) data, Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) encoding the DP data according to a code rate, bit interleaving the LDPC encoded DP data, mapping the hit interleaved DP data onto constellations, building at least one signal frame including the mapped DP data, and modulating data in the built signal frame by an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) method and transmitting the broadcast signals having the modulated data, wherein the input streams include Audio/Video (A/V) data and service guide data, and wherein the Audio/Video (A/V) data and service guide data are included in first ISO base media file format (ISOBMFF) files.

Abstract: A low density parity check (LDPC) encoder, an LDPC decoder, and an LDPC encoding method are disclosed. The LDPC encoder includes first memory, second memory, and a processor. The first memory stores an LDPC codeword having a length of 16200 and a code rate of 3/15. The second memory is initialized to 0. The processor generates the LDPC codeword corresponding to information bits by performing accumulation with respect to the second memory using a sequence corresponding to a parity check matrix (PCM).

Abstract: Provided are a liquid formulation of long-acting insulinotropic peptide conjugate, containing a pharmaceutically effective amount of long-acting insulinotropic peptide conjugate consisting of a physiologically active peptide, insulinotropic peptide, and an immunoglobulin Fc region; and an albumin-free stabilizer, wherein the stabilizer comprises a buffer, a sugar alcohol, and a non-ionic surfactant, and a method for preparing the formulation. For the purpose of preventing microbial contamination, a preservative may be added. The liquid formulation of the present invention is free of human serum albumin and other potentially hazardous factors to body, having no risk of viral contamination, and thus can provide excellent storage stability for insulinotropic peptide conjugates at high concentration.

Abstract: The invention relates to reliable diagnostic apparatus for a switchgear which may minimize the probability of failure in diagnosing a deterioration of a switchgear. The diagnostic apparatus for a switchgear comprises a VHF sensor detecting an electromagnetic wave signal of a VHF band, which is generated by the switchgear; a UHF sensor detecting an electromagnetic wave signal of a UHF band, which is generated by the switchgear; a data acquisition unit that acquires the electromagnetic wave signals detected by the VHF sensor and the UHF sensor, and converts the electromagnetic wave signals into data indicating magnitudes of the electromagnetic wave signals; and a diagnosis unit connected with the data acquisition unit and that executes analysis including whether the data provided by the data acquisition unit is a pattern of a partial discharge signal and stores the analyzed result.

Abstract: A hybrid arm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include: a first body made of a metal material and formed with a plurality of end portions; a second body formed so as to fill an inner side of the first body by being insert-injection-molded to the first body; and a ball joint formed integrally at a first end portion among the plurality of end portions of the first body. The ball joint may include: a reinforcement member coupled to the first end portion; a bearing member formed with a space therein; a ball stud including a ball rotatably inserted into the space of the bearing member and a rod extending upward of the ball; and a housing interposed between the reinforcement member and the bearing member and formed integrally with the second body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a foreign substance detection method, and an apparatus and a system therefor. A foreign substance detection method in a wireless power transmitter, according to an embodiment of the present invention, may comprise the steps of: if an object placed in a charging area is detected, searching for a current peak frequency with a maximum quality factor value in an available frequency band; receiving, from a wireless power receiver, a foreign substance detection state packet including a reference peak frequency; determining a foreign substance detection reference frequency on the basis of the reference peak frequency; and determining whether or not a foreign substance is present by comparing the current peak frequency with the foreign substance detection reference frequency. Therefore, the present invention has an advantage of being capable of detecting a foreign substance more effectively and accurately.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for predicting a rubber reinforcing effect of an organic-inorganic composite for rubber reinforcement. According to the present disclosure, a method for reliably predicting a rubber reinforcing effect of an organic-inorganic composite for rubber reinforcement by thermogravimetric analysis without mixing with a rubber composition is provided.

Abstract: An axle assembly includes an axle housing having first and second arm portions that extend in opposite directions from a center portion, and an axle interface bracket that is fixedly mounted to the first arm portion. The axle interface bracket includes a base, holes extend from a bottom surface of the base, and channel walls that extend from the base and are disposed opposite the bottom surface.

Abstract: A receiver circuit receives a signal from a semiconductor device. The receiver circuit includes an input buffer including a first plurality of transistors, the input buffer being configured to detect a fabrication condition of the receiver circuit, generate a control signal according to the detected fabrication condition, and control a gain of an input signal by adjusting a number of operating transistors among the first plurality of transistors in response to the control signal; and a latch circuit configured to latch an output signal of the input buffer, and adjust threshold voltages of a second plurality of transistors in response to a test signal.

Abstract: Disclosed are a device for evaluating performance of an air conditioner based on climate simulation and a method thereof. The device for evaluating performance of an air conditioner based on climate simulation and the method thereof may supply load to one or more sub-chambers that simulates climate of a selected region, may calculate energy consumption of an air conditioner by applying changes in temperature and humidity supplied by the sub-chambers, and may evaluate energy consumption of the air conditioner that operates in the region with specific climate.

Abstract: A mobile terminal is provided including a display unit; a middle frame including a supporting unit that supports a rear surface of the display unit with a side portion around the supporting portion; a main board at a rear surface of the middle frame including a ground; a first wireless communication unit in the main board to transceive a first signal; a second wireless communication unit in the main board to transceive a second signal; and a rear case covering a rear surface of the main board, where the side portion includes a plurality of conductive members with ends divided into slits and the plurality of the conductive members includes a common antenna electrically connectable with the first and second wireless communication units to receive the first and second signals such that the mobile terminal receives different signals with antennas for LTE and 5G communication arranged in a limited space.

Abstract: Provided is a communication technology of an access point and a terminal that may decrease power consumption by changing an operation state of the terminal from an awake state to a sleep state when a data stream to be transmitted to the terminal is absent or has completed in a transmission opportunity (TXOP) duration.

Abstract: A controller includes a processor suitable for performing a first erase operation on a target memory block; a tester suitable for performing a test operation to apply test voltages to selected points of word lines included in the target memory block; a counter suitable for counting the numbers of error memory cells sensed through the test voltages at the selected points; and a skipper suitable for setting test skip information based on the numbers of error memory cells.

Abstract: An air conditioner includes: an indoor unit including a blowing unit to discharge air; an outdoor unit supplying compressed refrigerant to the indoor unit, to exchange heat with the air before discharge. The air conditioner also includes at least one computer memory operably connectable to at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, perform operations that include: generating at least one parameter in a first operation mode, which is operated only within a preset time range; controlling, based on an operation mode information, at least one of (i) the blowing unit to change a wind direction and an air volume, or (ii) the outdoor unit; and switching to a second operation mode after a time period of operation in the first operation mode. The operation mode information includes at least one result factor obtained from at least one machine-learning network.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for wideband short-range wireless communication using a directional antenna in a millimeter wave band, and the method for wideband short-range wireless communication according to an embodiment may determine a first time interval and a second time interval for a cooperated data frame transfer based on a packet transmission time at each transmission from a source node to a destination node, transmit a frame to a relay node through an antenna pattern directed towards the relay node at a start point of the first time interval, and transmit the frame to the destination node through an antenna pattern directed towards the destination node after a predetermined period of time from a start point of the second time interval.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of inducing trans-differentiating a first type of immune cell into a second type of immune cell comprising: isolating exosomes from the second type of immune cell that has undergone differentiation, and treating the first type of immune cell or a cell population including the first type of immune cell with the isolated exosomes in vitro.

Abstract: In wireless communications for multi-users, an access point may generate a first frame for allocating resources to a plurality of stations. The first frame may contain an indication as to whether a station(s) is allocated at least one of a set of resource units (RUs) of a plurality of RUs, such as a center 26-tone RU. The set of resource units may be based on a channel bandwidth of the wireless communications. The indication may be contained in a common block field of signal fields, such as a common block field of high efficiency (HE) signal content channel(s) of an HE signal field. The station(s) may receive the first frame and determine whether the one of the set of RUs is allocated. The station(s) may transmit a second frame to the access point based on resource allocation information in the first frame. Other methods, apparatus, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: A condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1: Ar1-L1-L2-Ar2??Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, Ar1, Ar2, L1, and L2 are the same as described in the specification.

Abstract: A bit interleaver, a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) device and a bit interleaving method are disclosed herein. The bit interleaver includes a first memory, a processor, and a second memory. The first memory stores a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword having a length of 16200 and a code rate of 10/15. The processor generates an interleaved codeword by interleaving the LDPC codeword on a bit group basis. The size of the bit group corresponds to a parallel factor of the LDPC codeword. The second memory provides the interleaved codeword to a modulator for 256-symbol mapping.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a light emitting device can include forming an n-type GaN-based layer on a sapphire substrate; forming a GaN-based active layer on the n-type GaN-based layer; forming a p-type GaN-based layer on the GaN-based active layer; forming a p-type electrode on the p-type GaN-based layer; forming a metal substrate on the p-type electrode; removing the sapphire substrate; forming an n-type electrode on the n-type GaN-based layer; forming a passivation layer on a side surface of the p-type GaN-based layer, a side surface of the GaN-based active layer, a side surface of the n-type GaN-based layer, an upper surface of the n-type GaN-based layer, a side surface of the n-type electrode, and an upper surface of the n-type electrode after the forming the n-type electrode; and forming an open space to expose the n-type electrode by patterning the passivation layer.