Abstract: Semiconductor devices including a stressor in a recess and methods of forming the semiconductor devices are provided. The methods may include forming a trench in an active region and the trench may include a notched portion of the active region. The methods may also include forming an embedded stressor in the trench. The embedded stressor may include a lower semiconductor layer and an upper semiconductor layer, which has a width narrower than a width of the lower semiconductor layer. A side of the upper semiconductor layer may not be aligned with a side of the lower semiconductor layer and an uppermost surface of the upper semiconductor layer may be higher than an uppermost surface of the active region.

Abstract: A message transmission system, a message transmission server, a user terminal apparatus, a method for transmitting a message, and a method for receiving a message are provided. The message transmission system includes a message transmission server configured to select a channel server to broadcast an input message, based on the input message, and transmit the input message; and a selected channel server configured to receive the message transmitted by the message transmission server, and broadcast the transmitted message to a terminal apparatus.

Abstract: A method for detecting a surge level in a vehicle based on a combustion pressure in a cylinder includes determining an IMEP parameter which determines stability of combustion according to a covariance of an IMEP. A PPP parameter, which varies the covariance of the IMEP and determines stability of combustion according to a variance in an angle of rotation of a crank when the combustion pressure reaches the highest point, is determined. A BD parameter, which varies both the the covariance of the IMEP and the angle of rotation of the crank and determines the stability of combustion according to a variance in the angle of rotation of the crank when a set range of amount of fuel is burned in the cylinder, is determined. An RPM parameter, which determines a surge level according to a variance in an RPM of an engine, is determined.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic device including a semiconductor memory. The semiconductor memory may include: an interlayer dielectric layer formed over a substrate including first and second areas; a first contact plug contacted with the substrate through the interlayer dielectric layer of the second area; an anti-peeling layer formed over the interlayer dielectric layer including the first contact plug; a second contact plug contacted with the substrate through the anti-peeling layer and the interlayer dielectric layer in the first area; and a variable resistance pattern contacted with the second contact plug.

Abstract: A light source module including at least one optical film and a light source unit is provided. The light source unit is disposed under the at least one optical film, and a space is formed between the light source unit and the at least one optical film. The light source unit includes a plurality of light emitting elements and a plurality of secondary lenses. The light emitting elements are arranged along a direction parallel to the at least one optical film. The secondary lenses are correspondingly disposed on the light emitting elements and each of the secondary lenses has a patterned reflective layer. Each of the secondary lenses has a light hole radius R, a distance between a distribution range of the patterned reflective layer and a bottom of the corresponding secondary lenses is H, and the distribution range of the patterned reflective layer satisfies 1/R<H<3/2R.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting eyes comprises a camera configured to acquire an eye image using optical coding; and an image processor configured to perform signal processing on the eye image, wherein the signal processing comprises removing noise from the eye image caused by a glasses reflection point.

Abstract: An exhaust system structure includes an exhaust manifold discharging exhaust gas through at least one runner towards an exhaust pipe. A front pipe is connected to a front end of the exhaust pipe. A collector connects the at least one runner and the front pipe. The collector comprises at least one inlet communicating with an exit of the at least one runner. An outlet communicates with the front pipe such that the outlet discharges the exhaust gas into the front pipe through the at least one inlet. An extended portion has a radius greater than or equal to that of the exit of the at least one runner.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method of manufacturing a back side illuminated (BSI) image sensor. The method includes receiving a semiconductive substrate; forming a photosensitive element at a front side of the semiconductive substrate; forming a transistor coupled to the photosensitive element; forming a recess at a back side of the semiconductive substrate; forming a first dielectric layer lining to a side portion of the recess and over the back side of the semiconductor substrate; covering a conductive material over the first dielectric layer and filling in the recess; forming a conductive column on top of the recess by patterning the conductive material; and forming a second dielectric layer covering the conductive column and the first dielectric layer.

Abstract: The present inventive concept provides to a manufacturing method of a curved display device including: bending a substrate to form a curved surface; heat-treating the substrate formed with the curved surface; restoring the heat-treated substrate to a flat state; forming display elements on the substrate; and bending the substrate of the flat state to form the curved surface. According to the present inventive concept, by performing the preliminary heat treatment to the glass substrate, durability and reliability of the curved panel may be improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a container fixing holder of a time-series sediment trapping device. With respect to the container fixing holder of the time-series sediment trapping device, the time-series sediment trapping device includes a funnel; a frame disposed to support and surround the funnel, a frame having at least one rod vertically disposed and a fixing plate coupled to the at least one rod forming the frame on a horizontal plane defined by a lower portion of the funnel, wherein a rotation plate, to which a plurality of time-series sediment trapping containers to trap the time-series sediment collected through the funnel are fixedly attached, is formed under the fixing plate. The container fixing holder includes a circular holder for fixing the plurality of time-series sediment trapping containers fixedly attached to the rotation plate without shaking.

Abstract: The present invention herein relates to a method of forming a through-hole in a silicon substrate. The present invention herein also relates to a method of forming an electrical connection element which penetrates through the silicon substrate, and to a semiconductor device manufactured thereby. More particularly, the present invention herein relates to a method of forming in a silicon substrate a through-hole capable of reducing roughness in a side wall of the through-hole and exhibiting low permittivity, by alternatingly laminating cationic and anionic polymer on the through-hole that has a dent on the side wall to form a porous elastic layer, and also relates to a method of forming an electrical connection that penetrates through the silicon substrate, and to a semiconductor device manufactured thereby.

Abstract: A bicycle alarm device includes a lighting module, a controller, a power module and an operation interface. The lighting module is mounted on the front and/or back of a bike, and has multiple light-emitting diodes (LED) arranged on a substrate in the form of an LED array with each LED connected to the controller and the power module. The controller is connected to the power module and the operation interface to receive an operation command from the operation interface to control the LED array of the lighting module to display a corresponding alarm symbol. Cyclists can output at least one operation command to the controller through the operation interface for the lighting module to generate a corresponding alarm symbol. Accordingly, passerby and drivers of vehicles can be aware of the alarm situation beforehand and cycling safety can be further enhanced.

Abstract: A technique related with a lithography system is disclosed. The lithography system includes at least one target object disposed on a substrate, a processor configured to process an image of the target object to determine an optical pattern for a coating layer of the target object, and an exposure apparatus configured to provide light having the optical pattern determined by the processor to the substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first electrode on a substrate, a selection device pattern, a variable resistance layer pattern, a first protective layer pattern, a second protective layer pattern and a second electrode. The selection device pattern is wider, in a given direction, than the variable resistance layer pattern. The first protective layer pattern is formed on a first pair of opposite sides of the variable resistance layer pattern. The second protective layer pattern is formed on a second pair of opposite of the variable resistance layer pattern. The second electrode is disposed on the variable resistance layer pattern.

Abstract: Mobile device data transfer via a wireless network is disclosed. A data manager component (DMC) on a carrier-side of an air interface can receive a request for data from a device located on a client-side of the air interface. The DMC can collect data related to the data request. Data can be collected by the DMC from remotely located servers. The collected data can be parsed to facilitate determining additional data that can be collected based on the request for data. The collected data and additional data can be bundled and returned via the air interface to the device on the client-side. Bundling the collected data and additional data can be in accord with an IND scheme, an ONLD scheme, a PARCEL(X) scheme, etc. This can improve load times associate with the requested data and can also reduce power consumption associated with the data transfer over the air interface.

Abstract: A method for providing time synchronization in a node connected to an Audio Video Bridging (AVB) Ethernet communication network includes steps of receiving static announcement messages from adjacent nodes and constituting a static grandmaster table, reselecting a grandmaster with reference to the static grandmaster table when a synchronization message timer expires, and updating the static grandmaster table according to reselection of the grandmaster. The method may rapidly time synchronization in the Audio Video Bridging (AVB) Ethernet communication network and minimize network load.

Abstract: A method of providing advertising services through broadcasts and an electronic device adapted to the method are provided. The electronic device includes: a communication unit for receiving viewing information from at least one client and advertising schedule information from at least one broadcast server; a controller for analyzing the effectiveness of advertising that can be expected when particular advertisement content is broadcast, based on the viewing information and the advertising schedule information, and determining a broadcasting time or a broadcast server that broadcasts the particular advertisement content, according to the analysis result; and a storage unit for storing the viewing information, the advertisement schedule information, or information about at least one advertisement content item.

Abstract: Provided are a separator having high heat resistance, a manufacturing method thereof and a secondary battery including the separator. The separator includes a porous base layer, and a coating layer formed on at least one surface of the base layer. Here, the coating layer includes 5 wt % to 25 wt % of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or derivatives thereof as a first binder and 75 wt % to 95 wt % of polyacrylic acid (PAA) or derivatives thereof as a second binder.

Abstract: A driver monitoring apparatus includes: a driver monitoring camera configured to obtain an image of a user while adjusting an irradiation range of irradiated light; and a driver state sensor configured to request the driver monitoring camera to adjust the irradiation range depending on an operation mode.

Abstract: A content participation translation apparatus includes a content registration unit for registering an original of content data on a database, wherein text data and image data are stored separately in the original of the content data; a data selection unit for individually selecting the text data and image data included in either the original of the content data or a translation of the content data in which a translation is added to the original of the content data; a translations editor providing unit for providing a translations editor to a user terminal, the translations editor including a content data display unit for displaying the text data and the image data and a text data editor unit in which a translation of the text data is input; and a content storage unit for receiving a representative image and a second-language text input from at least one user terminal via the translations editor, and storing the text data, the image data, and the received second-language text as a translation of the content da