Abstract: A dual mode display apparatus according to the inventive concept includes a lower substrate, a first lower electrode on the lower substrate, a light switching layer on the first lower electrode, a first upper electrode on the light switching layer, a passivation layer on the first upper electrode, a contact plug connected to the first upper electrode and penetrating the passivation layer, a second lower electrode on the contact plug and the passivation layer, an organic light-emitting layer on the second lower electrode, a second upper electrode on the organic light-emitting layer, and an upper substrate on the second upper electrode.

Abstract: A linear guideway includes an end cap and a resilient sheet. The end cap includes a main plate, a surrounding plate, and two side positioning pillars. The surrounding plate and the side positioning pillars are perpendicularly extended from the main plate. The inner edge of the main plate has two protruding segments facing with each other. The side positioning pillars are respectively arranged adjacent to the first protruding segments. The resilient sheet has two first side positioning holes respectively sleeving the two first side positioning pillars, and the resilient sheet is disposed on the main plate. Thus, by the cooperation of the first side positioning pillar and the first side positioning hole, the resilient sheet is firmly received in the end cap and the first side positioning pillars support the inner edge of the resilient sheet.

Abstract: A surface polymer-assisted vertically aligned (SPA-VA) liquid crystal (LC) cell has a surface alignment layer of surface localized polymer nano spikes capable of controlling the pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules and ensuring fast switching characteristics. The deposition of the polymer nanospikes as a part of the alignment layer is achieved by polymerizing a small amount of a reactive monomer in vertically aligned liquid crystal with or without an applied voltage. Due to the alignment of liquid crystal molecules by the surface alignment layers, the polymerized polymer acts as an internal surface to modify and control the field-induced reorientation of the liquid crystal molecules. The SPA-VA LC cell realizes a stable alignment and the considerable advantage of the formation of polymer spikes via UV irradiation on both substrates of the cell. Furthermore, the switch-off of a SPA-VA is fast due to the enhanced surface anchoring strength by the surface-localized polymer nano spikes.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus including a frame generator configured to map data contained in an input stream to at least one signal processing path to generate a frame; an information inserter configured to insert signaling information in a signaling region of the frame; and a transmitter configured to transmit the frame in which the signaling information is inserted, wherein the signaling information comprises information on an input type of each of the at least one input stream and information on a type of data which is mapped to the at least one signal processing path.

Abstract: A rod-shaped FRP bar is manufactured with a fiber and a resin by using a nozzle 100 which includes an outer nozzle 11 having a penetration hole at its center and a plurality of middle nozzles 12 disposed at an inlet of the outer nozzle 11 so that one middle nozzle is located inside another middle nozzle with an interval. Fibers are supplied through a center hole of the middle nozzle located at an innermost location, through intervals between the middle nozzles and through intervals between the middle nozzles and the outer nozzle, thereby making a hybrid FRP bar 1 having a section in which the fibers configure a plurality of fiber distribution layers from the center of the FRP bar toward the outside.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyvinyl chloride resin latex which is prepared by polymerization using a decreased amount of polymerization water in an early polymerization stage and then additional polymerization water in a late polymerization stage, so that the polyvinyl chloride resin latex has an increased solid content and a decreased water content and thus finally remarkably reduces energy consumption in a spray drying process.

Abstract: A touch sensing method for a touch screen including an image display device with a touch-sensitive screen. The method includes a filtering process that includes calculating an output signal of an nth frame from a sensing signal of the nth frame output from a touch sensing unit configured to sense touches of the touch-sensitive screen, the calculating using an equation F(n)=I(n)×W(n)+F(n?1)×[1?W(n)], wherein F(n) represents the output signal of the nth frame, I(n) represents the sensing signal of the nth frame, F(n?1) represents an output signal of an (n?1)th frame, and W(n) represents a filtering coefficient; and outputting the output signal of the nth frame to an output end. The filtering coefficient is calculated by an equation W ? ( n ) = ? I ? ( n ) - F ? ( n - 1 ) ? R , wherein R is a scale constant. The touch sensing method has high touch sensitivity in an environment with heavy noise while being capable of correctly detecting touch coordinates.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving the performance of a determination of whether an earphone is mounted to a portable terminal, such as a portable terminal supporting a 3.5 mm earphone plug, are provided. An apparatus for recognizing whether the earphone is mounted to the portable terminal includes a common ground terminal and a switching terminal of an earphone plug receptacle for electrically connecting to each other and the same pole of an earphone plug when the earphone plug is mounted in the earphone plug receptacle, and an external output managing unit for generating an earphone mounting notification signal through a detector.

Abstract: A substrate that includes a first dielectric layer and a capacitor embedded in the first dielectric layer. The capacitor includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal. The second terminal is laterally located between the first terminal and the third terminal. The capacitor also includes a second dielectric layer, a first metal layer and a second metal layer. The first metal layer is coupled to the first and third terminals. The first metal layer, the first terminal, and the third terminal are configured to provide a first electrical path for a first signal. The second metal layer is coupled to the second terminal. The second metal layer and the second terminal are configured to provide a second electrical path for a second signal.

Abstract: A high velocity cross flow dynamic membrane filtration system includes a disc membrane assembly having a frame and at least two support shafts. Each support shaft defines a longitudinal axis about which is positioned a plurality of axially spaced membrane discs, with each shaft further coupled to the frame. A permeate tube is coupled to each support shaft and in fluid communication with the membrane discs associated with that support shaft. A vessel defines a treatment chamber and is configured to removably support the disc membrane assembly within the treatment chamber. The vessel further includes a wall. The filtration system also includes a drive system. The permeate tubes are configured to extend through a portion of the vessel wall when the disc membrane assembly is positioned within the treatment chamber. The permeate tubes are further configured for rotation by the drive system.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling an equivalent-series resistance (ESR) of a capacitor are provided. An exemplary apparatus includes a substrate having a land side, the capacitor mounted on the land side of the substrate and having both the ESR and terminals, a resistive pattern coupled to the terminals, and a plurality of vias coupled to the resistive pattern. The resistive pattern is configured to control the ESR. The resistive pattern can be formed of a resistive paste. The resistive pattern can be formed in a substantially semicircular shape having an arc ranging from substantially 45 degrees to substantially 135 degrees. The capacitor can be a surface mount device. The resistive pattern can be formed in a shape of a land-side capacitor mounting pad, a via, or both.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition including: a polylactic acid; an inorganic nanostructure; and a chain extender, a molded article made of the thermoplastic resin, and a method of preparing the thermoplastic resin composition are disclosed.

Abstract: A stacked memory chip includes a chip input-output pad unit, a first semiconductor die and a second semiconductor die. The chip input-output pad unit includes a chip command-address pad unit, a lower chip data pad unit and an upper chip data pad unit that are to be connected to an external device. The first semiconductor die electrically is connected to the chip command-address pad unit and the lower chip data pad unit and electrically disconnected from the upper chip data pad unit. The second semiconductor die electrically is connected to the chip command-address pad unit and the upper chip data pad unit and electrically disconnected from the lower chip data pad unit. The input-output load may be reduced by selectively connecting each of the stacked semiconductor dies to one of the lower chip data pad unit and the upper chip data pad unit.

Abstract: A composition for forming a silica based layer includes a silicon-containing compound including polysilazane, polysiloxazane, or a combination thereof and one or more kinds of solvent, and having a turbidity increasing rate of less than or equal to about 0.13.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory cell, a NAND-type non-volatile memory, and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The method of manufacturing the non-volatile memory cell includes the following steps. An insulating layer, a first conductive layer, an inter-gate insulating layer, a second conductive layer, and a hard mask layer are formed on a substrate in order. The hard mask layer, the second conductive layer, the inter-gate insulating layer, and the first conductive layer are patterned to form a stacked gate structure. The insulating layer on the substrate at two sides of the stacked gate structure is removed until the surface of the substrate is exposed. A portion of the substrate at two sides of the stacked gate structure is removed to form two recesses in the substrate, and each of the recesses is extended below the stacked gate structure. A source/drain region is formed in the substrate below the recesses.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first device isolation region and a second device isolation region defining a first active region, a second active region, and a third active region in a substrate, a recess region exposing an upper surface of the first active region and upper surfaces of the first and second device isolation regions, and active buffer patterns on the second and third active regions. The first active region is located between the second and third active regions, the first device isolation region is located between the first and second active regions, the second device isolation region is located between the first and third active regions. Upper sidewalls of the second and third active regions are exposed in the recess region.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lithium secondary battery, including a cathode, an anode and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the cathode includes a cathode active material containing lithium-metal oxide of which at least one of metals has a concentration gradient region between a core part and a surface part thereof, and the anode includes graphite having an average lattice distance d002 of 3.356 to 3.365 ?, thereby having excellent high-temperature storage and life-span properties.

Abstract: A battery characteristic determining device includes a control module and a processing module. The control module outputs a control signal when a battery module is in a charging state and an SOC (state of charge; of the battery module reaches a predetermined target value, so as to result in change of a current of the battery module to a predetermined test value for a predetermined test time period. The predetermined test value is such that the change of the current causes a voltage of the battery module to decrease in the predetermined test time period. The processing module obtains a voltage variation of the battery module in the predetermined test time period, and a C rate of the battery module with reference to the voltage variation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mobile terminal and a control method thereof. The mobile terminal displays a plurality of figures arranged in a first composition on a touch screen when a specific mode is locked, rearranges the plurality of figures in a second composition different from the first composition upon receiving a specific input, and determines whether to unlock the specific mode on the basis of a pattern which is input using the plurality of figures arranged in the first or second composition.