Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device and a semiconductor memory device, the method including providing a substrate that includes a cell array region and a peripheral circuit region; forming a mask pattern that covers the cell array region and exposes the peripheral circuit region; growing a semiconductor layer on the peripheral circuit region exposed by the mask pattern such that the semiconductor layer has a different lattice constant from the substrate; forming a buffer layer that covers the cell array region and exposes the semiconductor layer; forming a conductive layer that covers the buffer layer and the semiconductor layer; and patterning the conductive layer to form conductive lines on the cell array region and to form a gate electrode on the peripheral circuit region.

Abstract: A solar cell module includes a plurality of first conductive lines connected to a first electrode of a first solar cell and extended in a first direction; a plurality of second conductive lines connected to a second electrode of a second solar cell adjacent with the first solar cell and extended in the first direction; and an intercell connector spaced apart from the first solar cell and the second solar cell and extended in a second direction crossing the first direction, the intercell connector including a first connection portion connected with the plurality of first conductive lines and a second connection portion connected with the plurality of second conductive lines, wherein a separation distance between the first solar cell and the first connection portion is closer than a separation distance between the second solar cell and a part of the intercell connector positioned on the same line as the first connection portion.

Abstract: Disclosed are a collimator, a fabrication apparatus including the same, and a method of fabricating a semiconductor device using the same. The fabrication apparatus may include a chamber, a heater chuck provided in a lower region of the chamber and configured to heat a substrate, a target provided over the heater chuck, the target containing a source for a thin layer to be deposited on the substrate, a plasma electrode provided in an upper region of the chamber and configured to generate plasma near the target and thereby to produce particles from the source, and a collimator provided between the heater chuck and the target.

Abstract: A storage device and a method of operating the storage device include various memory devices. The storage device includes a plurality of memory devices each including at least one or more read cache memory blocks and a plurality of main memory blocks; and a memory controller configured to spread and store data stored in an identical memory device, having a read count representing a number of read requests and exceeding a threshold value, among data stored in the plurality of main memory blocks, to the at least one or more read cache memory blocks included in each of the plurality of memory devices.

Abstract: An electronic device is disclosed. The electronic device includes a body, a first head, a light transmission circle, a plurality of light emitting sources, a lens, a sensor, and a plurality of electrodes. The electronic device measures a user's skin using a speckle imaging method and can care for the user's skin based on measured data.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic light-emitting diode device including: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode; m light-emitting units (where m is an integer of 2 or more) disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and including at least one light-emitting layer; and m-1 charge generation layers each interposed between two adjacent light-emitting units of the m light-emitting units; wherein at least one of the m-1 charge generation layers includes a compound for a charge generation layer, which includes a boron-containing compound bonded to a metal halide by a one-electron sigma bond.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a processor, and a memory storing an application program supporting a task and a database including a first path rule for performing the task. The first path rule includes a plurality of first states of the electronic device. The memory stores instructions that cause the processor to receive a voice command making a request for performing the task to transmit the voice command to an external server, to receive a second path rule including a plurality of second states of the electronic device for performing the task to execute the plurality of second states included in the second path rule, in response to the reception of the second path rule, and when an error occurs during the execution of the plurality of second states, to execute at least part of the plurality of first states included in the first path rule.

Abstract: A display module includes a light guide plate; a display panel disposed on the light guide plate; and a plurality of fixing parts disposed between an edge of the light guide plate and an edge of the display panel. The fixing parts are spaced apart from each other, and each of the fixing parts includes: a sidewall portion facing a side surface of the light guide plate; a bottom portion extended from a first end of the sidewall portion to face the light guide plate; and a ceiling portion extended from a second end, opposite the first end, of the sidewall portion to face the display panel.

Abstract: A data transmitting system includes a transmitter configured to transmit first unit data having a first bit length and second unit data sequentially with the first unit data and having the first bit length and a receiver configured to receive the first unit data and the second unit data. The transmitter is configured to transmit the second unit data to the receiver when a last bit of the first unit data and a first bit of the second unit data have different values and to invert the first bit of the second unit data and transmit the second unit data having the inverted first bit to the receiver when the last bit of the first unit data and the first bit of the second unit data have the same value.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for wireless communications. A base station may configure a power control process associated with a wireless device. Closed-loop power control (CL-CP) for the wireless device may be reset based on a change of channel conditions. The wireless device may change a transmit power and/or reset the CL-CP based on various conditions.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device includes pattering an upper portion of a substrate to form a first active pattern, the substrate including a semiconductor element having a first lattice constant, performing a selective epitaxial growth process on an upper portion of the first active pattern to form a first source/drain region, doping the first source/drain region with gallium, performing an annealing process on the first source/drain region doped with gallium, and forming a first contact pattern coupled to the first source/drain region. The first source/drain region includes a semiconductor element having a second lattice constant larger than the first lattice constant.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a landing page providing server that provides a user-customized landing page and a method of providing the user-customized landing page. The landing page providing server according to an exemplary embodiment includes a behavioral log collection module configured to collect log information including a behavioral pattern of a user terminal connected to a shopping mall server; a recommendation engine module configured to analyze the behavioral pattern of the user terminal by using the log information collected by the behavioral log collection module and extracts recommended products suitable for the user terminal by using an analysis result; and a landing page generation module configured to make a landing page suitable for the user terminal to be generated based on the recommended products extracted by the recommendation engine module and to be provided to the shopping mall server.

Abstract: A method for controlling mobile terminated (MT) data in a wireless communication system and a device therefor are disclosed. The method for controlling MT data by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system includes receiving paging from a network and transmitting a tracking area update (TAU) request message to a mobility management entity (MME) in response to the paging when an EPS update status of the UE is EU2 NOT UPDATED due to an unsuccessful attempt of a last TAU procedure of the UE upon receiving the paging, wherein when the UE is using only signaling optimization to enable delivery of user data over a control plane via the MME, a first active flag in the TAU request message is set.

Abstract: Perishable products, such as food products, can be preserved by cooling to temperatures below their freezing point without ice crystallization. In some embodiments, the perishable product is cooled to temperatures below the freezing point of water while a pulsed electric field and oscillating magnetic field are applied to the product. Apparatus for supercooling perishable products are also provided and include a pulsed electric field generator and an oscillating magnetic field generator.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction may include a free layer, a reference layer, and a barrier layer. The barrier layer may be arranged between the free layer and the reference layer. The barrier layer may include a first interface and a second interface. The first interface may face the free layer, and a second interface may face the reference layer. The first interface may not physically correlate with the second interface.

Abstract: A method for intra prediction comprises determining a first MPM candidate corresponding to a left-side candidate block on the basis of a position of the left-side candidate block adjacent to a left side of a current block; determining a second MPM candidate corresponding to an upper-end candidate block on the basis of a position of the upper-end candidate block adjacent to an upper end of the current block; generating an MPM candidate list including a plurality of MPM candidates, on the basis of the first MPM candidate and the second MPM candidate; and determining one MPM candidate of the plurality of the MPM candidates that constitute the MPM candidate list as an intra prediction mode of the current block, and performing intra prediction for the current block on the basis of the determined intra prediction mode to generate a prediction block corresponding to the current block.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes stack structures each including a first conductive layer, a substrate disposed under the stack structures, first impurity regions disposed in the substrate, and at least one trench passing through the stack structures and disposed above the first impurity regions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polarizing plate including a polarizer and a polyester film formed on an upper side of the polarizer, wherein the polyester film has a maximum thermal shrink angle of about 10° or less, and any one of a refractive index of x-axis direction nx at a wavelength of 550 nm and a refractive index of y-axis direction ny at a wavelength of 550 nm of about 1.65 or more; a method of preparing the polarizing plate; and a liquid crystal display apparatus comprising the polarizing plate.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a heterocyclic compound of Chemical Formula 1 and an organic electronic device including the same.

Abstract: Provided is a method of inducing oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) through direct reprogramming from human somatic cells into which a nucleic acid molecule encoding an Oct4 protein or Oct4 protein-treated human somatic cells. The method of inducing OPCs by treating Oct4-overexpressing human somatic cells with a low molecular weight substance may establish OPCs with high efficiency in a short period of time through direct reprogramming without via neural stem cells, and thus the OPCs are useful as a cell therapeutic agent for an intractable demyelinating disease.