Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises a display panel including a first base substrate, a switching element disposed on the first base substrate, a color filter layer disposed on the switching element, and a pixel electrode disposed on the color filter layer; a counter display panel including a second base substrate and a common electrode disposed on the second base substrate and facing the display panel; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the display panel and the counter display panel and having negative dielectric anisotropy, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes at least one compound represented by Formula 1 below, and the liquid crystal layer does not include a compound represented by Formula A below; and a light-blocking spacer disposed on the display panel and including an area overlapping the switching element, and maintaining the thickness of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a gate on a substrate, a gate insulating layer along a sidewall and a bottom surface of the gate, and an L-shaped spacer structure on both sidewalls of the gate. A structure extends the distance between the gate and source/drain regions to either side of the gate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device, including: a display substrate including a first base substrate, a switching device disposed on the first base substrate, a color filter layer disposed on the switching device, and a first electrode disposed on the color filter layer; a counter display substrate including a second base substrate and a second electrode disposed on the second base substrate and facing the first electrode, wherein the counter display substrate is disposed separately from and facing the display substrate; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the display substrate and the counter display substrate, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes at least one first liquid crystal compound represented by Formula 1 and at least one second liquid crystal compound represented by Formula 2; and a light-shielding spacer disposed between the display substrate and the counter display substrate and maintaining a thickness of the liquid crystal layer: wherein in Formula 1 and Formula 2, each of R11—*, R1

Abstract: A liquid crystal display, including: a first substrate, and a second substrate facing the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrates; a first liquid crystal alignment layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the first substrate; and a second liquid crystal alignment layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the second substrate, wherein: at least one of the first liquid crystal alignment layer and the second liquid crystal alignment layer includes reactive mesogens; and the liquid crystal layer includes an antioxidant.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises a display panel including a first base substrate, a switching element disposed on the first base substrate, a color filter layer disposed on the switching element, and a pixel electrode disposed on the color filter layer; a counter display panel including a second base substrate and a common electrode disposed on the second base substrate and facing the display panel; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the display panel and the counter display panel and having negative dielectric anisotropy, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes at least one compound represented by Formula 1 below, and the liquid crystal layer does not include a compound represented by Formula A below; and a light-blocking spacer disposed on the display panel and including an area overlapping the switching element, and maintaining the thickness of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: In order to improve reliability of a system-on-chip (SoC) through fault tolerance verification, there is provided a method of analyzing an error rate in a system-on-chip (SoC) having at least one internal block obtained by interconnecting two or more gates, comprising: applying an input signal to an input terminal of a certain internal block; defining an input error rate of each gate of the internal block; and defining an output error rate of the internal block based on the input error rate of each gate and an error rate propagating to an output terminal. As a result, there is proposed a method of analyzing a change of the output error rate depending on the input error rate in a gate level in error model development necessary to design and verify a fault-tolerant SoC. Therefore, it is possible to analyze errors in each gate and formularize error rate information modeling including an input/output relationship between each gate of a digital circuit in a library form.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stacked organic light emitting device and a display apparatus including the stacked organic light emitting device. The stacked organic light emitting device includes an anode connected to an external power source, a cathode connected to the external power source, at least two light emitting sections aligned between the anode and the cathode, including a light emitting layer, and an internal electrode aligned between the light emitting sections. The internal electrode is a single-layered internal electrode which is made from one selected from the group consisting of a metal, alloys of the metal, and metal oxides thereof, having a work function below 4.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate including one surface, a second substrate including one surface and the other surface, a first alignment layer which is disposed on the one surface of the first substrate, includes a polymeric material, and has a first thickness, a first photocured layer disposed on the first alignment layer, a second alignment layer which is disposed on the one surface of the second substrate, and includes a polymeric material same as the polymeric material in the first alignment layer, and which has a second thickness less than the first thickness, a second photocured layer disposed on the second alignment layer, and a liquid crystal layer which includes first liquid crystal molecules and second liquid crystal molecules further vertically aligned than the first liquid crystal molecules in an initial aligned state.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic light emitting device comprising a first electrode, at least one organic layer and a second electrode, laminated successively, in which at least one layer of the organic layer has a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as a core and comprises at least one of a derivative in which a substituted or unsubstituted C2-30 cycloalkane, or a substituted or unsubstituted C5-50 polycycloalkane is directly fused to the core or fused to a substituent of the core; and a new organic compound usable in the organic light emitting device. Furthermore, the present invention provides a charge carrier extracting, injecting or transporting material which has a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as a core and comprises a derivative in which a substituted or unsubstituted C2-30 cycloalkane, or a substituted or unsubstituted C5-50 polycycloalkane is directly fused to the core or fused to a substituent of the core.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition includes a first class including a first compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, wherein the first compound is 13 to 18 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total liquid crystal composition, and a second compound represented by Chemical Formula 2, wherein the second compound is 8 to 13 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total liquid crystal composition, a second class including a third compound represented by Chemical Formula 3. Chemical Formulas 1, 2, and 3 are represented by: and wherein R and R? are, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom, or an unsubstituted or substituted C1 to C7 alkyl group.

Abstract: An organic layer deposition assembly, an organic layer deposition apparatus, an organic light-emitting display apparatus, and a method of manufacturing the organic light-emitting display apparatus, in order to improve a characteristic of a deposited layer, the organic layer deposition assembly including a deposition source for discharging a deposition material; a deposition source nozzle unit disposed at a side of the deposition source, and including a plurality of deposition source nozzles; and a patterning slit sheet disposed while facing the deposition source nozzle unit, and including a plurality of patterning slits and one or more alignment confirmation pattern slits that are formed at edge portions of the plurality of patterning slits, wherein the deposition material that is discharged from the deposition source passes through the patterning slit sheet and then is formed on the substrate, while a deposition process is performed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) includes: a first pixel configured to emit first light having a first wavelength; a second pixel configured to emit second light having a second wavelength longer than the first wavelength; a third pixel configured to emit third light having a third wavelength longer than the second wavelength; and a liquid crystal (LC) panel in which driving voltages for maximum transmittances for the first light, the second light, and the third light are different from each other. The LCD is configured to apply different voltages to pixel electrodes of the first pixel, the second pixel, and the third pixel, respectively, such that the first light, the second light, and the third light respectively emitted by the first pixel, the second pixel, and the third pixel are transmitted at the respective maximum transmittances.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic light emitting device comprising a first electrode, at least one organic layer and a second electrode, laminated successively, in which at least one layer of the organic layer has a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as a core and comprises at least one of a derivative in which a substituted or unsubstituted C2-30 cycloalkane, or a substituted or unsubstituted C5-50 polycycloalkane is directly fused to the core or fused to a substituent of the core; and a new organic compound usable in the organic light emitting device. Furthermore, the present invention provides a charge carrier extracting, injecting or transporting material which has a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as a core and comprises a derivative in which a substituted or unsubstituted C2-30 cycloalkane, or a substituted or unsubstituted C5-50 polycycloalkane is directly fused to the core or fused to a substituent of the core.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic light emitting device comprising a first electrode, at least one organic layer and a second electrode, laminated successively, in which at least one layer of the organic layer has a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as a core and comprises at least one of a derivative in which a substituted or unsubstituted C2-30 cycloalkane, or a substituted or unsubstituted C5-50 polycycloalkane is directly fused to the core or fused to a substituent of the core; and a new organic compound usable in the organic light emitting device. Furthermore, the present invention provides a charge carrier extracting, injecting or transporting material which has a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as a core and comprises a derivative in which a substituted or unsubstituted C2-30 cycloalkane, or a substituted or unsubstituted C5-50 polycycloalkane is directly fused to the core or fused to a substituent of the core.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic light emitting device comprising a first electrode, at least one organic layer and a second electrode, laminated successively, in which at least one layer of the organic layer has a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as a core and comprises at least one of a derivative in which a substituted or unsubstituted C2-30 cycloalkane, or a substituted or unsubstituted C5-50 polycycloalkane is directly fused to the core or fused to a substituent of the core: and a new organic compound usable in the organic light emitting device. Furthermore, the present invention provides a charge carrier extracting, injecting or transporting material which has a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as a core and comprises a derivative in which a substituted or unsubstituted C2-30 cycloalkane, or a substituted or unsubstituted C5-50 polycycloalkane is directly fused to the core or fused to a substituent of the core.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition includes a first class including a first compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, wherein the first compound is 13 to 18 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total liquid crystal composition, and a second compound represented by Chemical Formula 2, wherein the second compound is 8 to 13 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total liquid crystal composition, a second class including a third compound represented by Chemical Formula 3. Chemical Formulas 1, 2, and 3 are represented by: and wherein R and R? are, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom, or an unsubstituted or substituted C1 to C7 alkyl group.

Abstract: A display device including: a liquid crystal panel assembly including pixels; a data driver applying a data voltage to lines which is connected to the pixels; and a common voltage generator providing voltage to the liquid crystal panel assembly, in which the voltage is an optimal voltage for a maximum grayscale at which a flicker is minimized while a maximum grayscale is applied to the pixels, the data driver applies the data voltage with the minimum grayscale to the data lines so that a negative data voltage with a minimum grayscale is higher than the common voltage by a first voltage level or more, and each of the pixels includes a first subpixel and a second subpixel, and when the data voltage is applied to the pixel, a pixel voltage of the first subpixel and a pixel voltage of the second subpixel are different.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal composition including an additive of the following chemical formula:

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a first substrate, a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed on the first substrate and including a first subpixel electrode and a second subpixel electrode including a cross stem and a plurality of minute branches extending from the cross stem; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a first alignment layer disposed on the first substrate and the pixel electrode; a second alignment layer disposed on an inner surface of the second substrate; and a liquid crystal layer injected between the first substrate and the second substrate and including a prepolymer, a reaction initiator, and a polymerization reactor, of which a content of the reaction initiator is higher than a content of the polymerization reactor.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition includes: a first category compound and a second category compound. The first category compound includes a first compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a second compound represented by Chemical Formula 2, where each R is independently an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 7, and each R may be the same or different.