Abstract: Provided herein may be an error correction circuit for detecting a trapping set and a method of operating the error correction circuit. The error correction circuit may include a syndrome check history manager configured to maintain a history of syndrome checks corresponding to one or more iterations of the iterative decoding scheme, and a trapping set detector configured to compare a trapping set determination policy with the history of syndrome checks to determine whether the history of syndrome checks meets criteria of the trapping set determination policy, while error correction decoding is performed, and determine that a trapping set exists when the history of syndrome checks satisfies the trapping set determination policy, wherein the trapping set determination policy is related to at least one of a change in a syndrome vector, a number of UCNs, and a change in the number of UCNs.

Abstract: Provided are a tungsten precursor compound to which a substituent is bonded so as to obtain thermal stability and a method of forming a tungsten-containing film using the precursor.

Abstract: Provided are a seal tape and a secondary battery. The seal tape for adhering an electrode assembly includes a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer including a cured product of a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition including a polymer including a polar functional group-containing monomer as a polymerization unit, and is expanded in contact with an electrolyte solution to be detached from the electrode assembly, and therefore, isotropic volume expansion and contraction of the electrode assembly may be induced by repeated charging and discharging of a secondary battery and a disconnection phenomenon in which an electrode is disconnected may be prevented.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a botulinum toxin comprising: (a) treating a culture of a botulinum toxin-producing strain with acid to form a botulinum toxin-containing precipitate; (b) adding a buffer to the botulinum toxin-containing precipitate of step (a), followed by clarification by at least one method selected from the group consisting of depth filtration (DF), microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), sterile filtration, membrane chromatography (MC) and centrifugation; (c) subjecting the botulinum toxin-containing solution of step (b) to UF diafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitation or hydrochloric acid precipitation, and then diluting a retentate resulting from the UF diafiltration in a buffer or dissolving a precipitate resulting from the ammonium sulfate precipitation or hydrochloric acid precipitate in a buffer; and (d) subjecting the retentate dilution, ammonium sulfate precipitate solution or hydrochloric acid precipitate solution of step (c) to anion-exchange chrom

Abstract: A method of detecting failure of a semiconductor device includes forming an active fin on an active region of a substrate, the active fin extending in a first direction, forming a gate structure on the active fin, the gate structure extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, forming source/drain layers on respective portions of the active fins at opposite sides of the gate structure, forming a wiring to be electrically connected to the source/drain layers, and applying a voltage to measure a leakage current between the source/drain layers. Only one or two active fins may be formed on the active region. Only one or two gate structures may be formed on the active fin.

Abstract: A varistor includes a varistor body, a first terminal disposed on one side of the varistor body, a second terminal disposed on the other side of the varistor body, a first electrode disposed on an upper portion of the varistor body, electrically connected to the first terminal, and extending towards the other side of the varistor body, and a second electrode disposed on a lower portion of the varistor body, electrically connected to the second terminal, and extending towards the one side of the varistor body.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices, systems and methods for error correction decoding using an iterative decoding scheme. An error correction circuit includes a node processor to perform a plurality of iterations for updating values of one or more variable nodes and one or more check nodes using initial values assigned to the one or more variable nodes, respectively, a trapping set detector to detect a trapping set in at least one of the plurality of iterations by applying a predetermined trapping set determination policy, and a post processor to reduce at least one of the initial values or invert at least one of values of the variable nodes corresponding to an iteration in which the trapping set is detected, upon detection of the trapping set.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device that includes a cover glass forming an outer surface of the electronic device, a first guide structure disposed below the cover glass and transmitting light polarized in a specified direction, a display panel disposed below the first guide structure and including a plurality of pixels, a second guide structure disposed below the display panel and transmitting light polarized in the specified direction, and a fingerprint sensor disposed below the second guide structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic apparatus. The electronic apparatus may include a communication circuit including a plurality of ports, each of which transmits a signal in at least one frequency band and transmitting or receiving a signal in the at least one frequency band and a processor is configured to obtain frequency band information indicating the at least one frequency band and context information indicating a state of the electronic apparatus and to determine a port to be used for the respective at least one frequency band among the plurality of ports based on the obtained information. Other various embodiments as understood from the specification are also possible.

Abstract: In a method of training for a memory device, an initialization operation is performed on the memory device when the memory device is powered on. A training operation is performed on a plurality of operating frequencies of the memory device such that at least one of a plurality of operating parameters of the memory device is obtained as a configurable operating parameter for each of the plurality of operating frequencies. The configurable operating parameter for each of the plurality of operating frequencies is stored as training data. An optimized operating parameter for the memory device is used based on the training data, a current operation mode of the memory device, and a current operating frequency of the memory device.

Abstract: The present application relates to a polymer, a method for preparing the same, and a use thereof. The present application provides a polymer, a method for preparing the same, and a use thereof. The present application can provide: a polymer, which has a composition for allowing a low solubility in polar and non-polar solvents and can be prepared in a simple polymerization manner, such as solution polymerization; and a use thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a cosmetic container. The cosmetic container may include a housing, on both end parts, a first opening and a second opening, respectively; a controller having at least a part exposed to an external atmosphere in one area of the housing and turning according to a user's operation; a first receiver close to the first opening, provided in the housing and accommodating a first cosmetic product; a second receiver close to the second opening, provided in the housing and accommodating a second cosmetic product; and a lifting rod connecting the first receiver and the second receiver and moving the first receiver and the second receiver in a first direction towards the first opening or in a second direction towards the second opening in response to a turning direction of the controller.

Abstract: A display arranged over a fingerprint sensor according to an embodiment of the disclosure may include a cover glass, a display panel arranged below the cover glass, a first driver that applies a signal to a first pixel group arranged in a first area corresponding to the fingerprint sensor on the display panel, a second driver that applies a signal to a second pixel group arranged in a second area that does not overlap the first area on the display panel, and a controller that causes the first driver to apply an enable signal to the first pixel group to enable the first driver to emit light when a finger touches a fingerprint sensing area corresponding to the fingerprint sensor on the cover glass.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus is provided. The electronic apparatus includes a communicator configured to receive a plurality of biometric (bio) signals of a user from an external device; and a processor configured to determine a body condition of the user according to whether each of the received plurality of bio signals is in a normal range, wherein the processor, is further configured to control the communicator to transmit information about the determined body condition to an external device corresponding to the determined body condition among a plurality of external devices, and wherein the determination of a body condition varies as a function of the user having either a symptom or a disease.

Abstract: A wireless power transmission apparatus according to various embodiments of the present invention may comprise: a power provision circuit for providing direct current (DC) power; a first conductive pattern; a second conductive pattern; multiple first switches connected to one end of the first conductive pattern and one end of the second conductive pattern; multiple second switches connected to the other end of the first conductive pattern; multiple third switches connected to the other end of the second conductive pattern; and a control circuit, wherein the control circuit controls the multiple first switches and the multiple second switches to convert the DC power into first alternating current (AC) power and apply the first AC power to the first conductive pattern and control the multiple first switches and the multiple third switches to convert the DC power into second AC power and apply the second AC power to the second conductive pattern. Various other embodiments are possible.

Abstract: Techniques are described for producing a bitumen product and recovering solvent from a solvent-diluted heavy hydrocarbon stream, which can have configurations and operation of an indirect heat exchanger to enhance performance. The system can have three solvent recovery stages. The indirect heat exchanger can have a location and operation to mitigate risks associated with exchanger failures. The solvent-diluted hydrocarbon stream can be preheated with a downstream solvent-depleted stream, and the pressure of the latter can be higher than that of the former to avoid solvent leaking into the hydrocarbon-enriched stream. The heat exchanger can be located in between the second and third stages, so that solvent leaked into the second stage output can be removed in the third stage so that the final product hydrocarbon stream can remain at low solvent contents.

Abstract: A method of detecting failure of a semiconductor device includes forming an active fin on an active region of a substrate, the active fin extending in a first direction, forming a gate structure on the active fin, the gate structure extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, forming source/drain layers on respective portions of the active fins at opposite sides of the gate structure, forming a wiring to be electrically connected to the source/drain layers, and applying a voltage to measure a leakage current between the source/drain layers. Only one or two active fins may be formed on the active region. Only one or two gate structures may be formed on the active fin.

Abstract: An error correction circuit includes a control unit configured to receive a data chunk including data blocks, each of the data blocks being included in corresponding codewords of first and second directions; and a decoder configured to perform a decoding operation for a codeword selected by the control unit. The control unit selects a first codeword among codewords selected in the data chunk, and provides the first codeword to the decoder by performing a flip operation in a first data block included in the first codeword. The control unit selects a second codeword among the selected codewords, and provides the second codeword to the decoder by performing a flip operation in a second data block included in the second codeword. When a decoding operation for the first codeword fails, the control unit selects the second data block to be included in different codewords from the first data block.

Abstract: Provided herein may be a circuit for transforming a parity-check matrix of a Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check (QC-LDPC) code, an error correction circuit having the same, and a method of operating the same. The circuit for transforming a parity check matrix of a QC-LDPC code including circulant matrices may include a determination component configured to determine whether a parity-check matrix that is externally input has full rank, a selection component configured to detect linearly dependent rows or columns, among rows or columns of the parity-check matrix based on a result of the determination of the determination component, and select any one row or column from among the linearly dependent rows or columns, and an entry replacement component configured to replace any one of circulant matrices included in the selected one row or column with a zero matrix.

Abstract: An electronic device is disclosed. The electronic device includes a display panel, a partial region of the display panel including an active region configured to output light and including a cut in a thickness direction of the display panel, a touch sensor formed on the display panel, a partial region of the touch sensor corresponding to the cut region of the display panel, including a cut in a thickness direction of the touch sensor, and a polarizing plate disposed on the display panel, a partial region of the polarizing plate corresponding to the cut region of the display panel, including a cut in a thickness direction of the polarizing plate, and a cut surface of the display panel, a cut surface of the touch sensor, and a cut surface of the polarizing plate are formed to coincide with each other.