Abstract: Packaged film bulk acoustic resonators may be tuned after packaging by exposing them to irradiation. In one embodiment, transparent covers may be provided so that the film bulk acoustic resonator filter may be exposed to laser irradiation to either add or remove material from the filter and to thereby adjust its frequency.

Abstract: A cleanling apparatus for removing contaminants from the surface of a substrate includes two parts: one which produces an aerosol including frozen particles and directs the aerosol onto the surface of the substrate to remove contaminants from the surface by physical force, and another part in which a fluid including a gaseous reactant is directed onto the surface of the substrate while the surface is irradiated to cause a chemical reaction between the reactant and organic contaminants on the surface, to chemically removing the organic contaminants. In the method of cleaning the substrate, the physical and chemical cleaning processes are carried out in a separate manner from one another so that the frozen particles of the aerosol are not exposed to the effects of the light used in irradiating the surface of the substrate. Therefore, the effectiveness of the aerosol in cleaning the substrate is maximized.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a stacked semiconductor package includes providing a substrate and mounting a first semiconductor device on the substrate. An interposer is supported above the first semiconductor device opposite the substrate. The interposer is electrically connected to the substrate. A second semiconductor device is then mounted on the interposer.

Abstract: Left ventricular conduits and related methods are disclosed for achieving bypass of a partially or completely occluded coronary artery. More broadly, conduits for allowing communication of bodily fluids from one portion of a patient's body to another and related methods are disclosed, including conduits for forming a blood flow path from a chamber of the heart to a vessel or from one vessel to another. In other embodiments, the conduits achieve a coronary artery bypass by allowing blood communication between the left ventricle and the coronary artery or between a proximal portion of the coronary artery and a distal portion of the coronary artery. The conduits may be placed completely through the heart wall or extend only partially therein. Conduits may take on a variety of configurations for allowing the control of blood flow therethrough, including curved or tapered shapes.

Abstract: A CMOS image sensor capable of increasing the punch-through voltage and the charge integration of a photodiode, and a method for forming the same. The punch-through voltage of a transfer transistor is increased, and the potential barrier is heightened between the photodiode and the floating diffusion region during the turn-off of the transfer transistor so as to increase the charge accumulation amount of the photodiode, while the photodiode is formed without resorting to a self-aligned ion-implantation. A p-type impurity region is formed under the gate electrode of the transfer transistor and within the semiconductor substrate, and the process can proceed without being limited by the self-alignment. Further, the p-type impurity region heightens the potential barrier between the photodiode and the floating diffusion region, i.e., the potential difference between the two regions is increased and, therefore, the charge accumulation amount is increased in the photodiode.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for accelerating graphic data which can reduce the computational complexity of graphic processing data. The method of accelerating two-dimensional graphic data includes: receiving information regarding the width of a graphic window to be processed; reading pixel data from a memory in which pixel data in the graphic window is stored; receiving information regarding two pixel data regions which are divided from the memory area based on the width information of the graphic window, one pixel data region to be processed using a burst mode and the other pixel data region to be processed in units of bytes; and individually performing predetermined graphic processing on the divided pixel data regions.

Abstract: A read-only information storage medium includes: a data area which stores user data; a lead-in area; and a lead-out area. A pattern for achieving a purpose is formed in at least one of the lead-in area and the lead-out area.

Abstract: A method for providing a next clock edge value calculation includes obtaining a clock file data, calculating a next clock edge value using the clock file data, and generating an output file using the next clock edge value. A method for providing an nth clock edge value calculation includes obtaining a clock file data and an n value calculating an nth clock edge value using the clock file data and the n value, and generating an output file using the nth clock edge value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high strength and low shrinkage polyester yarn, which has tenacity of 7.4 g/d or higher, elongation at break of 19 to 26%, shrinkage percentage of 2% or lower, and respective thermal-stress peaks of 3×10−2 to 7.5×10−2 g/d and 8.0×10−2 to 10.5×10−2 g/d at temperature ranges of 100 to 140° C. and 230 to 240° C., and process for its preparation. The high strength and low shrinkage polyester yarn is advantageous in that it has desirable resistance to external load and excellent dimensional stability, and is very useful as an industrial yarn with uniform shrinkage and excellent dimensional stability during a post-process for application to tarpaulin and truck covers.

Abstract: A method for querying electronic data. The query method comprises creating wavelet-coefficient synopses of the electronic data and then querying the synopses in the wavelet-coefficient domain to obtain a wavelet-coefficient query result. The wavelet-coefficient query result is then rendered to provide an approximate result.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to modulate address data of a disc type recording medium, include generating the address data, performing error correction coding of the address data and outputting coded address data, receiving the coded address data in a unit of at least two bits, generating a first modulated signal of the coded address data using a first modulation technique, generating a second modulated signal of the coded address data using a second modulating signal, and generating a unit wobble signal by synthesizing the first and second modulated signals.

Abstract: A multi-beam laser scanning unit including a plurality of laser diodes arranged in the vertical direction, and a plurality of collimating lens units having collimating lenses, which are arranged in the laser beam optical path in order to convert laser beams emitted from each of the laser diodes into linear beams. The collimating lens units are arranged in a manner such that adjacent collimating lens units are partly overlapped in the laser beam scanning direction. Each of the collimating lenses has a different focal length.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of converting an address in a semiconductor memory device sequentially performing a data write operation on addresses from an upper address, by performing a write or read operation after converting inputted logical addresses into physical addresses in a memory device by using an address converting table. As a result, an operation speed of the system is improved and power consumption is reduced.

Abstract: A laser scanning unit disclosed in the present invention is intended to form an image on a photo-sensitive drum by generating laser beams in a facsimile unit, a copying machine and a printer using laser beams. The laser scanning unit includes a collimated lens reforming the laser beams emitted from a laser diode into parallel beams, a polygon mirror scanning by deflecting the above laser beams in constant velocity, a f-theta lens for adjusting a focus on a scanning plane by polarizing the laser beams to a main scanning direction and correcting an aberration, a reflecting surface attached with a reflecting film reflecting said laser beams into a horizontal direction, an optical sensor receiving the laser beams reflected from said reflecting film and a base plate for supporting said optical sensor and reflecting surface.

Abstract: A test apparatus for testing a multi-chip package comprising a multiplicity of semiconductor chips, which includes a test driver having one drive channel and at least one input/output channel. A test board is mounted with the multi-chip package. Drive pins of the semiconductor chips are parallel connected to the drive channel, and input/output pins of the semiconductor chips are parallel connected to the input/output channel.

Abstract: An optical information storage medium includes a lead-in area, a user data area, and a lead-out area. Data is recorded as a pit wobble in all, or a portion of, the lead-in area and data is recorded as pits in the remaining area of the optical information storage medium. A method records data on, and/or reproduces data from, the optical information storage medium.

Abstract: The trunk routing device and method in a CDMA mobile communication system according to the present invention is contrived to assign and establish a plurality of trunks in the unit of packet to send packet data between a base station controller and a base transceiver station in order to uniformly utilize all trunk paths. Once receiving a new packet from a node connected to the base station controller, the invention extracts information about the packet designation from every packet and switches the packet data with the trunks connected to the designation in the unit of packet, thus sending the packet date to the base transceiver station.

Abstract: The apparatus for a perpendicular type ultra vacuum chemical vapor deposition, which is for growing an epitaxy crystal as a semiconductor thin film based on a high quality, includes a growth chamber having a quartz tube of a heterostructure for maintaining a uniformity in a growth of an epitaxial layer under a high vacuum and minimizing a thermal transfer from a wafer; a wafer transferring chamber having a perpendicular transfer device for vertically transferring the wafer on which the epitaxial layer grows; a buffer chamber for preventing a stress to a transfer gear caused by a pressure difference with the wafer transferring chamber in vertically transferring the wafer; and a loadlock chamber for reducing a pollution from the outside in the growth of the epitaxial layer, horizontally transferring the wafer completed in the growth of the epitaxial layer, and discharging it to the outside.

Abstract: A test kit for a semiconductor package and a method for testing the semiconductor package using the same are provided. The test kit for a semiconductor package includes a pick-and-place tool for picking up and loading/unloading the semiconductor package, a head assembly having a package guider and a socket guider, and a socket which is positioned under the head assembly. The socket guider performs a pre-alignment function for a correct operation of the package guider, before the package guider starts operating. The package guider aligns the semiconductor package.

Abstract: A distance based distributed online game server system is disclosed. The distance based distributed online game server system provides online game of an imaginary game world with various characters by dividing the imaginary game world into a plurality of regions and managing online game based on the regions. The distance based distributed online game server system includes a session server for providing information including region information; a database server 102 for managing player information and transmitting corresponding player information to the session server; a non-player character (NPC) server for managing data and processing scripts of non-player character by artificial intelligence; a game server for providing a game service to payers within a region assigned by the session server according to the region information and managing the game of region by dividing the region into cells; and a real-time download server for provides a real-time downloading service to the player.