Abstract: A signal processing device includes a determiner configured to determine if a codeword included in a data signal corresponds to a reference codeword included in a first set of reference codewords or a second set of reference codewords; a first estimator configured to estimate a first channel quality metric value for the data signal based on a first channel quality metric, if the codeword corresponds to a reference codeword included in the first set of reference codewords, wherein the first channel quality value is smaller than a reference channel quality metric value for the data signal, wherein the reference channel quality metric value for the data signal results from a channel quality estimation based on a predetermined channel quality metric; and a second estimator configured to estimate a second channel quality metric value for the data signal based on a second channel quality metric, if the codeword corresponds to a reference codeword included in the second set of reference codewords, wherein the second

Abstract: A three-dimensional semiconductor memory device including a peripheral circuit structure on a first substrate, the peripheral circuit structure including peripheral circuits, a second substrate on the peripheral circuit structure, an electrode structure on the second substrate, the electrode structure including a plurality of electrodes that are stacked on the second substrate and a penetrating interconnection structure penetrating the electrode structure and the second substrate may be provided. The penetrating interconnection structure may include a lower insulating pattern, a mold pattern structure on the lower insulating pattern, a protection pattern between the lower insulating pattern and the mold pattern structure, and a penetration plug. The penetration plug may penetrate the mold pattern structure and the lower insulating pattern and may be connected to the peripheral circuit structure. The protection pattern may be at a level lower than that of the lowermost one of the electrodes.

Abstract: An inductor includes a body structure, a first external electrode and a second external electrode disposed externally on the body structure and spaced apart from each other, and a conductive structure disposed inside the body structure and including a first end portion in contact with the first external electrode and a second end portion in contact with the second external electrode, wherein each of the first and second external electrodes includes an electroless plated layer and an electrolytic plated layer formed of a material different from that of the electroless plated layer and covering the electroless plated layer.

Abstract: A printed circuit board is provided. The printed circuit board includes an insulating material, and a circuit comprising a first region that partially penetrates the insulating material, and a second region formed on the first region and that protrudes from an upper portion of the insulating material, the first region includes a first electroplating layer and a first electroless plating layer that are formed between the insulating material and the first electroplating layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for three-dimensional beamforming, which include an estimation of a channel spatial coherence for a beam space of a device based on a plurality of non-precoded reference signals such that the beam space includes a plurality of beam subspaces based on the estimated channel spatial coherence and each of the plurality of beam subspaces include a beam direction representative of a respective beam subspace of the plurality of beam subspaces. Furthermore, a selection a beam subspace of the plurality of beam subspaces based on a channel quality metric of the beam direction that is representative of the beam subspace is included.

Abstract: Provided is stretchable electronics. The stretchable electronics includes stretchable substrate, first support patterns disposed on a first surface of the stretchable substrate, and output devices disposed on the first patterns, respectively. The first support patterns are arranged in a first direction and a second direction, which are parallel to an extension direction of the substrate, and each of the output devices generates an output stimulation.

Abstract: Provided are a hologram display device and a method of manufacturing the hologram display device. The hologram display device includes a light source unit that emits light, a spatial light modulator that modulates the light emitted from the light source unit, and a random pinhole panel. The random pinhole panel includes a plurality of pinholes of a random position or a random size and is arranged in line with an output part of the spatial light modulator. In the hologram display device and the method of manufacturing the hologram display device, a position and size of a random pinhole on the random pinhole are not limited to inside each pixel of the spatial light modulator.

Abstract: A Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna array configuration is described in one example comprising a plurality of Radio Frequency (RF) chains, a plurality of antenna elements, and a plurality of phase shifters, wherein the antenna elements and phase shifters form a plurality of antenna arrays, and coupled to the RF chains, and the number of antenna arrays is larger than the number of RF chains.

Abstract: Provided is a display device. The display device includes first to second gate lines provided on a substrate having first and second pixel areas and extending in a first direction, first to third data lines extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and intersecting the first to second gate lines, and a first reflective electrode provided inside the first pixel area and a second reflective electrode provided inside the second pixel area, from a planar viewpoint, wherein the first to second gate lines and the first to third data lines define the first pixel area and the second pixel area, wherein the first to second gate lines are spaced apart from each other in the second direction, wherein the first to third data lines are spaced apart from each other in the first direction.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus and a window. The light emitting apparatus includes a liquid crystal device that includes a support substrate, a first electrode, a liquid crystal layer, and a sacrificial structure, separating the sacrificial structure from the liquid crystal layer to expose one surface of the liquid crystal layer, and a second electrode on the one surface of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal element. The liquid crystal element includes a first substrate, a first electrode provided on the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer provided on the first electrode and including a liquid crystal portion and a hydrophobic portion, and a second electrode on the liquid crystal layer, wherein the hydrophobic portion is phase-separated from the liquid crystal portion, wherein the liquid crystal portion includes polymer materials, a first dye, and liquid crystal molecules dispersed in the polymer materials, wherein the hydrophobic portion is spaced apart from the first electrode, wherein the hydrophobic portion includes hydrophobic materials and a second dye, wherein the first dye is dissolved in the polymer materials, wherein the second dye is dissolved in the hydrophobic portion, wherein the polymer materials include photo-curable polymer materials.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, a first electrode disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and adjacent to the first substrate, a second electrode disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and adjacent to the second substrate, a first alignment film disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and adjacent to the first electrode, a second alignment film disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and adjacent to the second electrode, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first alignment film and the second alignment film, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal portion containing liquid crystal molecules, and a hydrophobic portion containing a hydrophobic material, the liquid crystal portion and the hydrophobic portion are phase-separated from each other, and the hydrophobic portion includes fluorine.

Abstract: A disease network construction method includes the steps of: (1) organizing cohort data in time series; (2) stratifying or grouping the data organized in step (1) by confounding variables; (3) deriving a correlation of diseases within the stratification in step (2); and (4) constructing a disease network on the basis of the correlation derived in step (3). According to the present invention, a disease may be influenced by a variety of clinical and medical confounding variables such as age, gender, race, socioeconomic variables, and regional and national health care systems, and thus a method for more reliably deriving a correlation between diseases may be provided.

Abstract: Provided is an active camouflage device including a reflective layer, a first electrode disposed on the reflective layer, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an electrolyte provided between the first and second electrodes. The first electrode includes a transparent electrode, and the second electrode includes a metal mesh.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator according to the inventive concept includes a light modulation layer including a plurality of pixels arranged on a plane perpendicular to a first direction, a first lens array including first lenses corresponding one-to-one with the pixels, a second lens array including second lenses corresponding one-to-one with the first lenses, and a spacer layer between the first lens array and the second lens array. Each of the first lenses has a first central axis extending in the first direction and the first central axes of the first lenses meet at different positions for each of the pixels.

Abstract: A wireless device includes a digital receiver configured to receive data via an antenna array, and to determine a load metric based on a load of subcarriers around reference subcarrier signals of a reference signal, and a controller configured to compare the load metric to a load threshold to determine whether the load of the subcarriers is less than a predefined level, and if the load of the subcarriers is less than the predefined level, identify at least one time point where the reference signal repeats itself during a symbol period, and control the antenna array to switch among the plurality of antenna beamforming patterns based on the at least one time point.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes an insulating layer, a pad, and a via fill. The insulating layer includes a via hole. The pad is formed in the insulating layer such that an intermediate portion thereof is exposed by the via hole. The pad includes a through hole formed in the intermediate portion. The via fill is formed in the via hole, configured to fill the through hole, and coupled to the intermediate portion.

Abstract: An apparatus, a system and a method use a class of dynamic switching mechanisms with multiple HARQ block sizes to reduce HARQ retransmission overhead while limiting the increase of HARQ ACK feedback overhead. The apparatus includes a first processing unit configured to estimate an intra-subframe fluctuation level of per-codeblock errors; a second processing unit configured to: map the intra-subframe fluctuation level to a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) block size; determine a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) format based at least in part on the HARQ block size; indicate the selected HARQ block size to a data transmitter; and generate a HARQ ACK. Per-code block link adaptation can be used to support multiple MCSs for a single user in each subframe with fine time-frequency granularity, with low-bandwidth signaling overhead and without a complete dependency on reference signal (RS) structure.

Abstract: In various aspects, a Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna array configuration, a wireless communication device, and a method for receiving multiple beamformed signals are described herein. According to at least one aspect, a MIMO antenna array configuration is described to include a plurality of Radio Frequency (RF) chains, a plurality of antenna elements, and a plurality of phase shifters. In some aspects, the antenna elements and phase shifters form a plurality of antenna arrays. The number of antenna arrays is, in at least one aspect, larger than the number of RF chains.

Abstract: A wireless device includes a digital receiver configured to receive data via an antenna array, and to determine a load metric based on a load of subcarriers around reference subcarrier signals of a reference signal, and a controller configured to compare the load metric to a load threshold to determine whether the load of the subcarriers is less than a predefined level, and if the load of the subcarriers is less than the predefined level, identify at least one time point where the reference signal repeats itself during a symbol period, and control the antenna array to switch among the plurality of antenna beamforming patterns based on the at least one time point.