Abstract: A method of screening for an electron transport material included in an electron transport layer of an organic light emitting device and a method of screening for a hole blocking material included in a hole blocking layer of the organic light emitting device, the method using a heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (K) value to select the electron transport material and an electron donating rate constant kd to select the hole blocking material, thereby capable of realizing the organic light emitting device having an excellent balance between luminous efficiency and lifetime.

Abstract: A system on chip (SoC) adjusts power of a memory through a handshake. The SoC includes a memory controller and a power manager. The memory controller is configured to control a memory. The power manager is configured to manage a supply power level of the memory. The memory controller is configured to output, to the power manager, a memory access level indicating a frequency of accesses to the memory. The power manager is configured to adjust the supply power level of the memory according to the memory access level.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element comprising a compound represented by Formula 1, a piezoelectric device including the piezoelectric element, a vibration module including the piezoelectric device, and a display apparatus including the piezoelectric device are provided, where (1?x)(LizNa0.5-zK0.5)(Nb1-ySby)O3·xCaZrO3??[Formula 1] where x, y, and z have a range of 0.001?x?0.2, a range of 0?y?0.5, and a range of 0?z?0.2, respectively.

Abstract: Provided is a compound of Chemical Formula 1: wherein: L1 and L2 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently an arylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted with an aryl group, Ar1 and Ar2 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently the following Chemical Formula A, where X1 is N or CR1, X2 is N or CR2, X3 is N or CR3, X4 is N or CR4, and X5 is N or CR5, at least two of X1 to X5 are N, and the other substituents are as defined in the specification, and an organic light emitting device including the same. The organic light emitting device including the compound of Chemical Formula 1 exhibits remarkably excellent characteristics in terms of voltage, efficiency and service life.

Abstract: Provided is a method of extracting a mediator variable and a mediation influence from a multivariate set. The method includes: receiving a database in which a set of N multiple variables (N is a natural number) including at least one of discrete time series data or continuous time series data is stored; selecting a test variable set including an independent variable, a dependent variable, and a mediator variable from the database in which the multivariate set is stored; determining the mediator variable using transfer entropy and conditional transfer entropy for the selected test variable set; and calculating a mediation influence of the determined mediator variable, wherein the mediation influence is separately calculated as an individual causal influence of the mediator variable and a group causal influence of mediator variables.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a first region and a second region, insulating patterns in the substrate in the second region that define active patterns of the substrate, gate electrodes spaced apart from each other and stacked on an upper surface of the substrate and extending in a first direction, first separation regions extending in the first direction and in contact with the active patterns, second separation regions extending between the first separation regions in the first direction, and channel structures penetrating through the gate electrodes in the first region. At least one of the second separation regions is in contact with the substrate below the insulating patterns.

Abstract: Provided is a compound of Chemical Formula 1: HAr-L1-L2-Ar1 wherein: HAr is one of Chemical Formula A-1 or A-2: one of L1 and L2 is a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic arylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic heteroarylene group, and the other one is a direct bond; and Ar1 is a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted polycyclic aryl group; or a substituted or unsubstituted polycyclic heteroaryl group, and an organic light emitting device comprising the same.

Abstract: Proposed is a foldable hinge module for a portable terminal, and more particularly, a foldable hinge module for a portable terminal that can easily unfold or fold a flexible display mounted on the portable terminal. In the foldable hinge module for a portable terminal, the flexible display can be smoothly unfolded or folded as the first rotary plate and the second rotary plate are easily rotated in the Y axis direction, by using the gear set part engaged with the first gear part formed in the first rotary plate and the second gear part formed in the second rotary plate to be operated.

Abstract: Provided is a compound of Chemical Formula 1: HAr-L1-L2-Ar1??Chemical Formula 1 wherein: HAr is a group of the following Chemical Formula A-1 or A-2; L1 and L2 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently is a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic arylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic heteroarylene group; and Ar1 is a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group; wherein: R1 to R3 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group; and is a site bonding to L1 of Chemical Formula 1, and an organic light emitting device comprising the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are polypropylene thermoplastic resin composition containing a high crystalline homo polypropylene resin, a long glass fiber reinforced material, a modified polypropylene resin, and a nucleating agent having a structure including amino azobenzene or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: A method for simulating sharpness of an image boundary including setting a boundary pattern including a boundary line between black and white, and a unit pattern including arrangement information of pixels; calculating simulation grayscale data for implementing the boundary pattern by using the unit pattern; and obtaining a sharpness index for the boundary line based on a contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and brightness data extracted from the simulation grayscale data.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of controlling gear shifting in response to a driving mode change, the method including determining a maximum number of allowable low-level gear-shifting steps according to a result of determining a state of a transmission, computing an immediate post-gear-shifting expected speed of a turbine for each step included that is within the maximum number of allowable low-level gear-shifting steps, using a current speed of an output shaft of the transmission and a gear ratio of each step and comparing the computed expected speed of the turbine with a preset allowable speed thereof for each step, setting the lowest-level gear-shifting step, among gear-shifting steps at which the expected speed of the turbine and the allowable speed thereof satisfy a predetermined condition, is set to be a target gear-shifting step, and executing gear-shifting control for shifting a current gear-shifting step down to the target gear-shifting step.

Abstract: Provided is a heterocyclic compound of Chemical Formula 1: wherein: A1 is Chemical Formula 1-1: Y1 and Y2 are hydrogen or deuterium, or directly bonded to each other, or linked through —C(R31)(R32)-, —Si(R33)(R34)-, —N(R35)-, —O—, or —S—; any one of R11 to R26 is linked to L1, and of the remaining, one is linked to L4 of Chemical Formula 1, and the others are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted: alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group; at least two of X1 to X3 are N, and the other is CH; R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; L1 to L4 are each independently a direct bond or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene or heteroarylene group; and Ar1 to Ar3 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group; and an organic light-emitting device including the same.

Abstract: A heterocyclic compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and an organic light emitting device including the same, and the heterocyclic compound which is used as a material of an organic material layer of the organic light emitting device and provides improved efficiency, low driving voltage and improved lifetime characteristics of the organic light emitting device.