Abstract: A method of handover in a wireless communication system is disclosed. A method of handover of a mobile station in a wireless communication system with femtocells comprises transmitting a control message including at least one among information of first femtocell base station detected through initial scanning and location information of the mobile station to a base station; receiving information of one or more second femtocell base stations to which the mobile station is accessible, wherein the second femtocell base stations are searched based on the control message from the base station; and performing a handover to one of the second femtocell base stations.

Abstract: Provided are a method and device for ranging in a wireless communication system. A machine-to-machine (M2M) device receives an advanced air interface-system configuration descriptor (AAI-SCD) message including information on a dedicated ranging channel for the M2M device and an M2M parameter change count from a base station, and attempts ranging through the dedicated ranging channel to the base station. At this point, the M2M parameter change count orders information on the dedicated ranging channel in the AAI-SCD message to change.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a broadband wireless access system, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for acquiring system information in a mobile communication system in which a legacy system and an advanced system coexist. A method of receiving system information on a peripheral base station in a mobile communication system includes receiving a second message containing time information for receiving, through a second region of a serving base station, a first message broadcasted through a first region of the serving base station and receiving the first message through the first region of the serving base station using the time information, the first message containing system information on neighbor legacy base stations and/or on the first region of neighbor advanced base stations which operate in a mixed mode.

Abstract: A novel method for determining embodied environmental impact in a building design from a CAD model is disclosed. The method associates CAD model elements with data related to CAD modeling practice and material constants. The method recognizes and accounts for the fact that models alone rarely contain sufficient levels of detail to calculate material-based results such as embodied environmental impact or carbon content.

Abstract: A method for detecting a forged face using an infrared image includes: acquiring an infrared image and a photorealistic image captured by one or two cameras; extracting a face region from the photorealistic image; determining, based on analysis of quality characteristics of the infrared image, whether a current face is a forged face or not; and performing face recognition on the extracted face region if it is determined that the current face is a non-forged face. The method further includes capturing an infrared image and a photorealistic image again through the camera without performing face recognition if it is determined that the current face is a forged face.

Abstract: Disclosed is an in-line system and a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display. The system includes a spacer-dispersing unit for dispersing spacers on one of two substrates of a mother glass, the mother glass having at least one liquid crystal cell; a sealant-applying unit for depositing a sealant on one of the two substrates; a liquid crystal depositing unit for depositing liquid crystal material on the substrate on which the sealant is deposited; and a substrate-attaching unit for receiving the two substrates from the sealant-applying unit or the liquid crystal depositing unit, then conjoining the substrates in a vacuum state.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing carrier management in a broadband wireless communication system supporting multiple carriers are disclosed. The method for a mobile station to perform carrier management procedure with a base station supporting multiple carriers includes receiving a carrier management command message from the base station, the carrier management command message including an action code for carrier management and a polling bit in a MAC Control Extended Header (MCEH) indicating whether an acknowledgement message is required, transmitting the acknowledgement message in response to the carrier management command message to the base station when the carrier management command message is successfully received and the polling bit is set to 1, and transmitting a carrier management indication message corresponding to the action code included in the carrier management command message to the base station.

Abstract: A method and apparatus performing carrier management in a broadband wireless communication system supporting multi-carrier (MC) are disclosed. A method for a single-carrier supported mobile station (MS) to perform a carrier change with a MC supported base station (BS) includes transmitting a message indicating a support of a basic MC mode in which the MS is aware of a MC operation of the BS, receiving a carrier management command message including an action code and an action time on a serving carrier, transmitting, in response to the carrier management command message, a confirmation message indicating readiness of signal transmission/reception through a target carrier on a target carrier, and receiving a control signal and data from the BS on the target carrier, wherein the serving carrier and the target carrier are controlled by a common Medium Access Control (MAC) of the BS.

Abstract: A method of resource reservation request and resource reservation in a wireless communication system is disclosed. A method of resource reservation request of a mobile station in a wireless communication system with femto cells comprises transmitting a resource reservation request message to a macro base station to request a femto cell base station not to use resource used by the mobile station if interference from the femto cell base station is over a threshold; and receiving a resource reservation response message from a macro base station.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for sending and receiving security related information during handover on a wireless access system and methods for managing a traffic encoding key (TEK). In one example of the present invention, a security performance negotiation method for supporting the hand-over of mobile handsets comprises the steps of: carrying out, in advance, a security performance negotiation procedure with a first base station (T-ABS), prior to registration on the first base station; generating a traffic encoding key (TEK) by using security related information acquired by means of the security performance negotiation procedure; and carrying out a general performance exchange procedure encoded by means of the TEK and a zone switch with the first base station.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a variety of methods of supporting handover in a wireless access system. A handover support method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of: transmitting a handover request message to a first base station (serving base station); receiving a handover response message (UL grant or UL-MAP message) containing authentication information (M) from a second base station (target base station); deriving a dedicated code index (DCI) for instructing a dedicated ranging code by using the authentication information (M); transmitting the dedicated ranging code to the second base station on a non-contention basis; and receiving a ranging response message as a response for the dedicated ranging code.

Abstract: A forged face detecting method includes: acquiring a photorealistic image and an infrared image of a subject on which line beams are projected; extracting face features from the infrared image based on characteristics of a pattern of the line beams projected on the acquired infrared image; and detecting whether or not the infrared image is a forged face based on the extracted face features. Said detecting whether or not the infrared image is a forged face includes: checking whether the extracted face features falls within a preset permission range of face features; determining the infrared image to have the forged face if the extracted face features fall out of the range to acquire an infrared image of the subject again; and determining the infrared image to have a non-forged face if the extracted face features falls within the range to perform face recognition for the photorealistic image.

Abstract: A method for determining temporary Base Station (BS) Identifiers (IDs) to efficiently set a multi-BS Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission mode and an apparatus for implementing the same in a broadband wireless access system are disclosed. To perform a multi-BS MIMO operation, a Mobile Station (MS) receives a first broadcast message including system information about a plurality of neighbor BSs from a serving BS, receives a second broadcast message including BS set information from the serving BS, the BS set information specifying indexes of one or more neighbor BSs which can be involved in the multi-BS MIMO operation among the plurality of neighbor BSs, and determines a temporary BS ID of each BS included in the BS set information using the specified indexes.

Abstract: A method for transmitting and receiving a broadcast channel is disclosed. A wireless access system, a method for effectively transmitting and receiving a broadcast channel, a variety of superframe structures, and a super frame header structure are disclosed. A method for effectively receiving a broadcast channel includes receiving, by a mobile station (MS), a first broadcast channel including first information about a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) applied to a second broadcast channel, and receiving the second broadcast channel using the first information. The first broadcast channel is transmitted using a fixed modulation and coding scheme (MCS) value, and the second broadcast channel is transmitted using a variable modulation and coding scheme (MCS) value.

Abstract: A location update method and a mobile station using the same are disclosed. The location method includes receiving a message including femto Base Station (BS) list information from a macro base station, receiving a preamble including an IDentifier (ID) of a first femto BS from the first femto BS during a predetermined interval, and updating a location to the first femto BS, if the ID of the femto BS is identical to one of IDs included in the femto BS list information. The femto BS list information may include IDs of one or more femto BSs included in the macro BS.

Abstract: A method and mobile stations for performing a zone switch, are discussed. According to an embodiment, the method includes: receiving, at the mobile station and from a target base station configured to operate in accordance with a first and a second protocol, a ranging response message of the first protocol including zone switch parameters used to perform zone switch from a first zone of the target base station corresponding to the first protocol to a second zone of the target base station corresponding to the second protocol; and performing, at the mobile station, the zone switch from the first zone to the second zone using the zone switch parameters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a broadband wireless access system, and more particularly, to a method for performing a handover through zone-switching. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method in which an advanced mobile station (AMS) performs a handover from a legacy serving base station through zone-switching in a broadband wireless access system comprises: a step of receiving, from a legacy zone (L-zone) of a target advanced base station (ABS), a message of a response to a request for ranging (RNG-RSP), containing information on a zone-switching time: and a step of starting switching to an advanced mobile station support zone (M-zone) at the point of time indicated by the information on a zone-switching time.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus and method for managing images based on user preferences. The apparatus includes a database for storing images, an image search module for searching the images stored in the database, an image output module for outputting at least one image retrieved by the image search module, a preference input module for, when the retrieved image is output through the image output module, receiving a user preference for the output image from a user, and an image path database for storing a storage path of the image, output through the image output module, based on the user preference received through the user preference input module. The image search module searches images whose storage paths are stored in the image path database or images whose storage paths are not stored in the image path database according to the user's selection.

Abstract: A method of initial access in a wireless communication system is disclosed. A method of initial access of a mobile station in a wireless communication system with femtocells comprises selecting a base station to which the mobile station requests information of femto cell base stations which can serve the mobile station and exist around the mobile station through scanning downlink channel; and requesting the selected base station the information of the femto cell base stations.

Abstract: A method for updating a neighbor list at a femto Base Station (BS) is disclosed. The method includes broadcasting a first broadcast message including information about an unavailable time interval during which scheduling is not performed for Mobile Stations (MSs), scanning at least one neighbor BS during the unavailable time interval, and updating the neighbor list according to a result of the scanning.