Abstract: Provided is a perpendicular magnetic recording medium. The perpendicular magnetic recording medium includes: a substrate; a soft magnetic layer disposed on the substrate; a recording layer disposed on the soft magnetic layer; and at least one hardness enhancing layer disposed in the soft magnetic layer or interposed between the soft magnetic layer and the recording layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for encoding and decoding object-based audio signal and an apparatus thereof. The audio decoding method includes extracting a first audio signal in which one or more music objects are grouped and encoded, a second audio signal in which at least two vocal objects are grouped step by step and encoded, and a residual signal corresponding to the second audio signal, from an audio signal, and generating a third audio signal by employing at least one of the first and second audio signals and the residual signal. A multi-channel audio signal is then generated by employing the third audio signal. Accordingly, a variety of play modes can be provided efficiently.

Abstract: A method for supporting coexistence in a mobile station for supporting a coexistence mode of WiMAX and secondary wireless communication system while considering subchannel allocation, the method comprises, requesting a band adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) for adjacent subcarrier permutation to a base station by transmitting first coexistence information, after the secondary wireless communication is turned on, and requesting a release of the adjacent subcarrier permutation to the base station by transmitting second coexistence information, if the secondary wireless communication system is turned off. Accordingly, it is possible to provide simultaneity of different wireless communications when a sleep mode is used and improve simultaneity of different wireless communications even when the sleep mode is not used.

Abstract: A method for supporting coexistence in a mobile station is provided. The method for supporting coexistence in the mobile station includes, at the mobile station, turning on Bluetooth at a start point of a WiMAX downlink subframe, stopping the operation of the Bluetooth if WiMAX channel quality of the mobile station becomes less than a threshold value during the operation of the Bluetooth, and, at the mobile station, turning off the operation of the Bluetooth at the start point of a WiMAX uplink subframe. Accordingly, it is possible to solve fragmentation by minimizing the interruption of the WiMAX transmission/reception and to improve WiMAX downlink throughput by restricting Bluetooth data transmission/reception according to the WiMAX channel quality.

Abstract: An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving a downmix signal, which is obtained by downmixing a plurality of object signals, and object side information, extracting metadata from the object-side information and displaying an information regarding the object signals based on the metadata.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals. This audio decoding method includes extracting a first audio signal and a first audio parameter in which a music object are encoded on a channel basis and a second audio signal and a second audio parameter in which a vocal object are encoded on an object basis, from an audio signal, generating a third audio signal by employing at least one of the first and second audio signals, and generating a multi-channel audio signal by employing at least one of the first and second audio parameters and the third audio signal. Accordingly, the amount of calculation in encoding and decoding processes and the size of a bitstream that is encoded can be reduced efficiently.

Abstract: Provided is a perpendicular magnetic recording medium. The perpendicular magnetic recording medium includes: a substrate; a plurality of soft magnetic layers including a lower soft magnetic layer and an upper soft magnetic layer which are sequentially stacked on the substrate, wherein the upper soft magnetic layer has an anisotropic field greater than that of the lower soft magnetic layer; an isolating layer interposed between the lower and upper soft magnetic layers and preventing magnetic interaction between the lower and upper soft magnetic layers; an underlayer formed on the plurality of soft magnetic layers; and a recording layer formed on the underlayer and including a plurality of ferromagnetic layers each layer of which has a magnetic anisotropic energy which decreases as distance increases from the underlayer.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding an object-based audio signal are provided. The method of decoding an object-based audio signal includes extracting a down-mix signal and object-based parameter information from an input audio signal, generating an object-audio signal using the down-mix signal and the object-based parameter information, and generating an object audio signal with three-dimensional (3D) effects by applying 3D information to the object audio signal. Accordingly, it is possible to localize a sound image for each object audio signal and thus provide a vivid sense of reality during the reproduction of object audio signals.

Abstract: Provided are an audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus in which audio signals can be encoded or decoded so that sound images can be localized at any desired position for each object audio signal. The audio decoding method includes extracting a downmix signal and object-based side information from an audio signal; generating channel-based side information based on object-based side information and control information for rendering the downmix signal; processing the downmix signal using a decorrelated channel signal; and generating a multi-channel audio signal using the processed downmix signal and the channel-based side information.

Abstract: Provided are an audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus in which audio signals can be encoded or decoded so that sound images can be localized at any desired position for each object audio signal. The audio decoding method includes extracting a downmix signal and object-based side information from an input audio signal; generating rendering information based on input control data; and generating spatial information based on the rendering information and the object-based side information.

Abstract: There is provided a method of detecting a polymorphic shell code. The decoding routine of the polymorphic shell code is detected from received data. In order for the decoding routine to access the address of an encoded code, the address of a currently executed code is stored in a stack, the value is moved in a register table, and it is determined whether the value is actually used for operating a memory. Emulation is finally performed and the degree of correctness of detection is improved. Therefore, time spent on detecting the polymorphic shell code and an overhead are reduced and the correctness of detection is increased.

Abstract: A magnetic thin film structure, a magnetic recording medium including the same, and a method of manufacturing the magnetic recording medium are provided. The magnetic recording medium includes an under layer formed of a transition metal nitride on a substrate and a plurality of magnetic dots, which are unit recording regions, formed of a magnetic material having magnetic anisotropy energy between 106 erg/cc and 108 erg/cc.

Abstract: An audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus are provided. The audio signal decoding method includes extracting a downmix signal and object-based side information from an audio signal; generating a modified downmix signal based on the downmix signal and extracted information which is extracted from the object-based side information; generating channel-based side information based on the object-based side information and control data for rendering the downmix signal; and generating a multi-channel audio signal based on the modified downmix signal and the channel-based side information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for detecting malware. The malware detection apparatus and method of the present invention determines whether a file is malware or not by analyzing the header of an executable file. Since the malware detection apparatus and method can quickly detect presence of malware, it can shorten detection time considerably. The malware detection apparatus and method can also detect even unknown malware as well as known malware to thereby estimate and determine presence of malware. Therefore, it is possible to cope with malware in advance, protect a system with a program, and increase security level remarkably.

Abstract: A wireless communication method in a network environment in which several devices are connected and wireless communications are performed through a channel synchronized by a sync signal that is broadcast from a piconet coordinate (PNC) selected among the several devices. The wireless communication method includes classifying a first frame to be transmitted to a first device among the several devices into a predetermined number of classes, calculating a waiting time before backoff depending on the classes, and determining whether the channel is used by any other device during the calculated waiting time, calculating a backoff time according to the classes and performing the backoff during the calculated backoff time, if the channel is idle during the waiting time, and transmitting the first frame when the backoff time ends. By adapting the priority to the CAP of the superframe, the control information is quickly conveyed and a high rate wireless communication is realized.

Abstract: A brake pedal structure according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a pedal hanger fixed to a dash panel, a brake pedal whose upper end is pivotally installed directly at the pedal hanger via a pin, a release bracket fixed to a fixing bracket mounted on to a cowl cross bar, a mounting bracket fixed at an upper surface of the pedal hanger, an upper portion of the mounting bracket being placed between the fixing bracket and the release bracket; a triangular link having a right-angled triangular shape configuration, and a linear link whose lower end is pivotally connected to corner of vertical side of the triangular link, an upper end of the linear link being pivotally and releaseably coupled to the pin, and the linear link being configured to separate from the pin when a vehicle collision occurs.

Abstract: Disclosed are a semiconductor device and a method for fabrication of the same. The fabrication method may include selectively forming an oxide layer pattern on a semiconductor substrate, forming an insulation layer pattern on the same substrate to cover edge portions of the oxide layer pattern, etching the oxide layer pattern and the substrate to form a recess as well as first and second oxide layer patterns corresponding to the edge portions of the oxide layer pattern, forming a third oxide layer pattern on the substrate in the recess to produce a gate insulation layer comprising the first, second, and third oxide layer patterns, and forming a gate pattern in the recess. The fabricated semiconductor device minimizes occurrence of current leakage such as gate induction drain leakage, among other things, thereby improving transistor performance.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The perpendicular magnetic recording medium comprises a recording layer including a plurality of regions formed in the depth direction of the recording layer and a magnetic anisotropy constant of a region relatively deeper than another region, among the plurality of regions, is greater than that of the another region. The method of manufacturing a perpendicular magnetic recording medium includes: forming a recording layer having perpendicular magnetic anisotropy; and irradiating the recording layer with ions.

Abstract: Provided are an audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus in which audio signals can be encoded or decoded so that sound images can be localized at any desired position for each object audio signal. The audio decoding method generating a third downmix signal by combining a first downmix signal extracted from a first audio signal and a second downmix signal extracted from a second audio signal; generating third object-based side information by combining first object-based side information extracted from the first audio signal and second object-based side information extracted from the second audio signal; converting the third object-based side information into channel-based side information; and generating a multi-channel audio signal using the third downmix signal and the channel-based side information.