Abstract: A method of forming a lipid membrane attached linker comprises contacting a lipid membrane with an oligonucleotide having a first strand and a second strand of nucleic acid and two or more hydrophobic anchoring moieties located in its terminal ends. The two strands are hybridized to each other in a duplex section in a manner that the first strand terminal end is not a part of the duplex section and free from a hydrophobic anchoring moiety and the two or more hydrophobic anchoring moieties are covalently attached to the adjacent terminal ends of the first strand and the second strand of said oligonucleotide, thereby accomplishing a direct attachment of the oligonucleotide by the moieties on the same membrane.

Abstract: A surface-immobilized multilayer structure of a plurality of vesicles (2), the structure comprising at least one linker (4) immobilized onto the surface, the at least one linker (4) being bound to at least one other linker, which is attached to a vesicle, which optionally may have another linker (5) bound to another linker (5) attached to another vesicle (2), wherein the structure either comprises at least two vesicles (2) bound via linkers (5) to each other or at least two vesicles (2) bound via linkers (5) attached to the vesicles to one linker (4) immobilized onto the surface (1).

Abstract: A method of forming a lipid membrane attached linker comprises contacting a lipid membrane with an oligonucleotide having a first strand and a second strand of nucleic acid and two or more hydrophobic anchoring moieties located in its terminal ends. The two strands are hybridized to each other in a duplex section in a manner that the first strand terminal end is not a part of the duplex section and free from a hydrophobic anchoring moiety and the two or more hydrophobic anchoring moieties are covalently attached to the adjacent terminal ends of the first strand and the second strand of said oligonucleotide, thereby accomplishing a direct attachment of the oligonucleotide by the moieties on the same membrane.

Abstract: Oligonucleotide structures are provided that are capable of forming more stable bonds to a lipid membrane and thereby generate an improved control of the process whereby oligonucleotide linkers are introduced to lipid membranes. Methods of forming lipid membrane oligonucleotide attachments are provided including lipid vesicles. The oligonucleotides typically comprise at least two hydrophobic anchoring moieties capable of being attached to a lipid membrane. Said moieties may be attached at the terminal ends of an oligonucleotide or, in the case of a first and second strand forming a duplex, at the same terminal end one of the strands other end not being part of the duplex leaving it free to hybridize to additional strands. The lipid vesicles attached with the oligonucleotide can be used in biosensors and may contain membrane proteins.

Abstract: Oligonucleotide structures are provided that are capable of forming more stable bonds to a lipid membrane and thereby generate an improved control of the process whereby oligonucleotide linkers are introduced to lipid membranes. Methods of forming lipid membrane oligonucleotide attachments are provided including lipid vesicles. The oligonucleotides typically comprise at least two hydrophobic anchoring moieties capable of being attached to a lipid membrane. Said moieties may be attached at the terminal ends of an oligonucleotide or, in the case of a first and second strand forming a duplex, at the same terminal end one of the strands other end not being part of the duplex leaving it free to hybridize to additional strands. The lipid vesicles attached with the oligonucleotide can be used in biosensors and may contain membrane proteins.

Abstract: A surface-immobilised multilayer structure of a plurality of vesicles (2), said structure comprising at least one linker (4) immobilised onto said surface, said at least one linker (4) being bound to at least one other linker, which is attached to a vesicle, which optionally may have another linker (5) bound to another linker (5) attached to another vesicle (2), wherein the structure either comprises at least two vesicles (2) bound via linkers (5) to each other or at least two vesicles (2) bound via linkers (5) attached to the vesicles to one linker (4) immobilised onto said surface (1).