Abstract: A plasma burner comprises an electrode holder which carries a tubular outer electrode and a coaxially arranged central electrode, and an electrical current supply source, which can be coupled via current feeders to the outer and central electrodes respectively. Also a device is provided for feeding gas into the region of the electrodes, between which an arc is produced for plasma formation. The tubular outer electrode has a first cooled, arc-inactive tube section, consisting of electrically conductive metal, and an adjoining second arc-active uncooled tube section, which consists of heat-resistant and electrically conductive material, and which is releasably connected to the first tube section. The arc passes between the second tube section and the neighboring arc-active section of the coaxial central electrode.

Abstract: A direct current arc furnace has at least one anode movable into the furnace interior and at least one cathode also movable from above into the furnace interior, between which cathode and the inserted material or the melt an arc is produced. The anode contains a cooling system in its interior having a controller which cools at least the immersion region of the anode to a temperature which is lower than the temperature of the melt.This furnace device and the anode are utilized in methods for melting and heating of materials with advantage, at least the immersion region of the anode being maintained at a temperature which lies below the temperature of the melt.

Abstract: In an electrode for electric arc furnaces, having a water-cooled metallic electrode holder and a consumable section connected to the electrode holder by means of a threaded nipple, the electrode holder having a protective jacket made up of rings. A disc positioned between the consumble section and the electrode holder which, in the event of a fracture of the consumable section, remains attached to the electrode holder for protection against electric arc strike.

Abstract: An arc electrode assembly comprises a water-cooled metal shaft and a consumable active portion, being interconnected by means of a screw nipple. The metal shaft is surrounded below its clamping area by a protective jacket being detachably arranged about the metal shaft. Between the jacket and the metal shaft a layer of electrically insulating refractory material is arranged which is cooled by the cooling system of the jacket. The protective jacket comprises at least one steel tube which is provided for the passage of a cooling medium. The steel pipe(s) may additionally be surrounded by refractory or slag material or may directly be embedded into such material.

Abstract: Temperature and corrosion resistant materials as guard elements for the metal part of combination electrodes for molten flow electrolysis, which consists of a composite material made from a carbon component containing graphitic structural elements, and a component having at least one ceramic. The guard elements thus formed have long service lives and allow trouble-free electrolysis for the extraction of metals.

Abstract: An electrode for arc furnaces, comprising a metallic water-cooled upper section and a consumable, replaceable lower section, interconnected by means of a threaded nipple or the like. At least one light-receiving element is positioned in a zone associated with the interconnection of the cooled metal shaft and the consumable section. A light signal falling on the light-receiving element where the consumable section is in absence, is passed in a suitable manner via a light wave guide to a furnace control which activates a safety system.

Abstract: To provide an axially variable means of fixation, an electrode for electric arc furnaces is held via a spacing means comprising radially movable contact elements and metallic spacers. The contact elements may be pressed radially inwards against the electrode by means of clamping jaws, thus constituting a solid mechanical and electrical contact between the electrode clamp and the electrode proper.

Abstract: An electrode for fusion electrolysis comprising an upper portion (5) of metal and a replaceable lower portion (6) of self-consuming or of slowly self-consuming material which are interconnected by a screw-nipple (1) or the like, whereby the upper portion may have a cooling device with a feed duct (2) and a return duct (3) and the upper portion (5) has at least partially and preferably in its lower region a protective covering, whereby this covering is a detachably surmounted sheath (4) of mechanically resistant material, which is electrically conductive. The sheath can be sub-divided into individual segments, while the design of screw-mounted units with internal recesses for the acceptance of resilient, electrically conductive materials reveals especially favorable properties.

Abstract: Electrodes for arc furnaces comprising a top portion (5) of metal and a replaceable bottom portion (6) of material which is only slowly consumable, being substantially cylindrical shape and the portions being interconnected by means of a screw nipple (1) or the like and the top portion has a liquid cooling device with a header duct (2) and a return duct (3) and the top portion (5) is advantageously protected in the bottom region thereof by means of an insulating coating of high temperature stability representing a detachably surmountable moulding. An electrically conductive intermediate layer of high temperature stability can be provided between the insulating moulding and the top portion. The electrodes are only slightly trouble prone, have emergency operating properties, have a high mechanical stressability and are easy to repair.

Abstract: An electrode for arc furnaces comprising a top portion of metal and a replaceable bottom portion of a material which, when appropriate, is only slowly consumed having a substantially cylindrical shape and being joined each to the other by a screwmounting, for example by means of a screw nipple or the like. The top portion includes a liquid cooling device or means with a header and a return duct, and an insulating coating of high temperature stability. An inner part and an outer part of the top portion are constructed so as to be detachable each from the other. The inner part extends substantially adjacent the screw nipple and at least a portion of the inner part is provided with an insulating coating of high temperature stability, which represents a loosely surmounted moulding.

Abstract: An electrode holder for arc furnace electrodes having a cooled metal shaft at least partially surrounded by a protective jacket of hollow cylinder configuration, generally moldings resistant to elevated temperatures. The protective jacket can surround and protect portions of the electrode holder positioned within the furnace or portions of the electrode holder in a zone engaged by clamping jaws. The protective jacket consists of individual moldings configured to provide generally ring shapes which may be put together to form rings, and coherently surrounding the metal shaft.

Abstract: The application is drawn to an electrode made of a number of elongated elements which are plates, rods or tubes. The elements are composed of inorganic conductive fibers embedded in a solid, electrochemically active material. The fibers are oriented in the direction of current flow.

Abstract: An axially displaceable electrode holder for use in fusion electrolysis, for holding active parts of self-consuming or of slowly self-consuming material by a screw nipple or the like. The electrode holder can have a cooling means with an inflow channel and a return channel and at least partially and preferably in its lower area a protective layer. On its surface a contact arrangement is provided by means of which the electrode holder can be detachably connected to the power supply, while on said electrode holder a plurality of electrical and/or mechanical contact sites are detachably disposed, are made of pressure resistant material, and extend at least over one part of the area of axial displacement of said electrode holder. This electrode holder is distinguished by high operational capacity, flexibility in handling and good electrical properties.

Abstract: An axially movable electrode holder of metal, particularly copper or copper base alloy, for active parts of consumable or slowly consumable material, which are attachable by means a threaded nipple or a similar means. The electrode holder comprises a cooling unit with a supply and a return duct, and has at least partly, preferably its lower region, a protective coating and a contact arrangement on its sheath area by which the electrode holder may be connected to a current supply. The electrode holder further comprises a number of removably mounted electrical and/or mechanical contact moldings of pressure-resistant material extending over a length of the electrode holder which corresponds too at least a part of the length of an allowable tip consumption. The electrode holder, which is intended for use in the electric steel production, is characterized by a high reliability in service, good maneuverability, and good electrical properties.

Abstract: An arc furnace electrode for the production of electric steel, comprising a metallic top portion and a consumable, replaceable bottom portion threadably interconnected. The top portion is provided with coolant feed and return ducts and includes a protective covering. The protective covering is represented by a detachable surmounted sheath of electrically conductive heat resistant material. The sheath is subdivided into individual segments. The electrode includes internally disposed recesses advantageously accommodating elastic and electrically conductive materials especially advantageous properties.

Abstract: Electrode for arc furnaces, more particularly for electrosteel production, also using scrap, comprising a detachable top portion (5) of metal and a replaceable bottom portion (6) of material which is consumed, where appropriate only slowly, having substantially cylindrical shape and being interconnected by a screw nipple (1) or the like and the top portion has a liquid cooling device with a header duct (2) and a return duct (3) and an inner part (16) and an outer part (17) of the top portion are constructed so as to be detachable from each other, so that the inner part (16) contains the liquid conducting chamber with header duct and return duct and the outer part (17) surrounds only a portion of the inner part (16). The electrodes have a reliable coolant conducting system, are easy to maintain and can be simply repaired in the event of mechanical damage while minimizing electrode down times.