Abstract: A computer system comprising one or more processors and computer-readable media operatively connected thereto, having stored thereon instructions for carrying out the steps of: maintaining one or more databases comprising first electronic data comprising digitally created reference compact electronic representations for each of a plurality of reference electronic works and second electronic data associated with the reference electronic works and related to action information corresponding thereto; obtaining a first digitally created compact electronic representation comprising one or more extracted feature vectors of a first electronic work; identifying a matching reference electronic work by comparing the first digitally created compact electronic representation of the first electronic work with the first electronic data using a sub-linear search of the first electronic data; determining the action information corresponding to the matching reference electronic work based on the second electronic data; and as

Abstract: A method including the steps of: receiving, by a computer system including at least one computer, a first electronic media work uploaded from a first electronic device; extracting one or more features from the first electronic media work; linking the first electronic media work with a reference electronic media work identifier associated with a reference electronic media work to generate correlation information using an approximate nearest neighbor search; storing the correlation information; receiving, from a second electronic device, a query related to the first electronic media work; correlating the query with action information related to an action to be performed and associated with the reference electronic media work identifier based at least in part on the correlation information; generating machine-readable instructions based upon the action information; and providing to the second electronic device, the machine-readable instructions to be used in performing the action.

Abstract: Methods and systems to perform methods comprising receiving, at a computer system from a first electronic device a first electronic media work; extracting one or more features therefrom; determining that at least a portion of the first electronic media work corresponds to a first reference media work based on a matching of the extracted features against a database of reference features; receiving, from a second electronic device, a query related to the first electronic media work; linking the query to action information in an action database based upon determining that at least a portion of the first electronic media work corresponds to the first reference media work; generating machine-readable instructions associated with the action to be performed based at least in part on the linking of the query to the action information; transmitting, to the second electronic device, the machine-readable instructions; and logging an event associated with the machine-readable instructions.

Abstract: A computer system comprising one or more processors and computer-readable media operatively connected thereto, having stored thereon instructions for carrying out the steps of: maintaining one or more databases comprising first electronic data comprising digitally created reference compact electronic representations for each of a plurality of reference electronic works and second electronic data associated with the reference electronic works and related to action information corresponding thereto; obtaining a first digitally created compact electronic representation comprising one or more extracted feature vectors of a first electronic work; identifying a matching reference electronic work by comparing the first digitally created compact electronic representation of the first electronic work with the first electronic data using a sub-linear search of the first electronic data; determining the action information corresponding to the matching reference electronic work based on the second electronic data; and as

Abstract: A method including the steps of: receiving, by a computer system including at least one computer, a first electronic media work uploaded from a first electronic device; extracting one or more features from the first electronic media work; linking the first electronic media work with a reference electronic media work identifier associated with a reference electronic media work to generate correlation information relating the first electronic media work with at least an action associated with the reference electronic media work identifier; storing the correlation information; receiving, from a second electronic device, a query related to the first electronic media work; correlating the query with action information related to an action to be performed based at least in part on the correlation information; generating machine-readable instructions based upon the action information; and providing the machine-readable instructions to the second electronic device to be used in performing the action.

Abstract: A computer system comprising one or more electronic communications devices, one or more processors, and one or more computer readable media having stored thereon computer instructions for carrying out the steps of: maintaining one or more databases comprising first electronic data comprising digitally created reference compact electronic representations for each of a plurality of reference electronic works and second electronic data associated with the reference electronic works and related to action information; obtaining a first digitally created compact electronic representation comprising one or more extracted feature vectors of a first electronic work; identifying a matching reference electronic work comparing the first digitally created compact electronic representation of the first electronic work with the first electronic data using an approximate nearest neighbor search; determining the action information corresponding to the matching reference electronic work based on the second electronic data;

Abstract: A method including the steps of: receiving, by a computer system including at least one computer, a first electronic media work uploaded from a first electronic device; extracting one or more features from the first electronic media work; linking the first electronic media work with a reference electronic media work identifier associated with a reference electronic media work to generate correlation information using an approximate nearest neighbor search; storing the correlation information; receiving, from a second electronic device, a query related to the first electronic media work; correlating the query with action information related to an action to be performed and associated with the reference electronic media work identifier based at least in part on the correlation information; generating machine-readable instructions based upon the action information; and providing to the second electronic device, the machine-readable instructions to be used in performing the action.

Abstract: A method comprising receiving, at a computer system from a user electronic device, a media work captured by the user electronic device; extracting, using the computer system, one or more features of the captured media work; recognizing, at the computer system, at least a portion of the subject matter of the media work captured by the user electronic device based on the extracted one or more features; obtaining, at the user electronic device, instructions for an action to be performed associated with the recognized media work; and performing, at the user electronic device, the associated action.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method comprising the steps of running, on a first user electronic device, an application program; correlating, using the application program running on the first user electronic device, with a video program being transmitted to a second user electronic device in a vicinity of the first electronic device; receiving, at the first user electronic device from a first user input device, a query related to at least a portion of the video program; obtaining, at the first user electronic device, instructions for an action to be performed based on the query; and performing, at the first user electronic device, the associated action, in response to the query.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method including the steps of: receiving, by a computer system including at least one computer, a media work uploaded from a first electronic device; receiving, by the computer system from a second electronic device, a tag associated with the media work having a media work identifier; storing, by the computer system, the media work identifier and the associated tag; obtaining, by the computer system from a third electronic device, a query related to the associated tag; correlating, by the computer system, the query with associated information related to an action to be performed; and providing, from the computer system to the third electronic device, the associated information to be used in performing the action.

Abstract: A user electronic device comprising one or more processors; and one or more computer readable media operatively connected to the one or more processors and having stored thereon computer instructions for carrying out the steps of: (a) receiving, at the user electronic device from the computer system, a media work and one or more associated tags; (b) receiving, at the user electronic device from a user input device, a query related to at least one of the one or more associated tags; (c) obtaining, at the user electronic device, instructions for an action to be performed based on the query; and (d) performing, at the user electronic device, the associated action, in response to the query.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method comprising the steps of receiving, by a computer system including at least one computer, a media work; receiving, by the computer system, a tag associated with the media work having a media work identifier; storing, by the computer system, the media work identifier and the associated tag; obtaining, by the computer system from a user electronic device, a query related to the associated tag; correlating, by the computer system, the query with associated information related to an action to be performed; and providing, from the computer system to the user electronic device, the associated information to be used in performing the action.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method comprising the steps of receiving, at a user electronic device from a computer system including at least one computer, a media work and one or more associated tags; receiving, at the user electronic device from a user input device, a query related to at least one of the one or more associated tags; obtaining, at the user electronic device, instructions for an action to be performed based on the query; and performing, at the user electronic device, the associated action, in response to the query.

Abstract: A computer system comprising one or more communications devices; one or more processors operatively connected to the one or more communications devices; and one or more computer readable media operatively connected to the one or more processors and having stored thereon computer instructions for carrying out the steps of (a) maintaining, by the computer system, a database comprising (1) first data related to identification of one or more works; and (2) second data related to information corresponding to each of the one or more works as identified by the first data; (b) obtaining, by the computer system, extracted features of a work to be identified; (c) identifying, by the computer system, the work by comparing the extracted features of the work with the first data in the database using a non-exhaustive neighbor search; (d) determining, by the computer system, the information corresponding to the identified work based on the second data in the database; and (e) associating, by the computer system, the determi

Abstract: A computer-implemented method including the steps of maintaining, by a computer system including at least one computer, a database in which is stored first data related to identification of one or more works and second data related to information corresponding to each of the one or more works as identified by the first data. Extracted features of a work to be identified are obtained. The work is identified by comparing the extracted features of the work with the first data in the database using a non-exhaustive neighbor search. The information corresponding to the identified work is determined based on the second data in the database. The determined information is associated with the identified work.

Abstract: A media work may be associated with an action by (a) extracting features from the media work, (b) determining an identification of the media work, based on the features extracted, using a sub-linear time search, such as an approximate nearest neighbor search for example, and (c) determining an action based on the identification of the media work determined. The media work may be an audio work. The features extracted from the work may include (A) a frequency decomposition of a signal of the audio work, (B) information samples of the audio work, (C) average intensities of sampled windows of the audio work, and/or (D) information from frequencies of the audio work.

Abstract: An electronic document, such as an image and a text file for example, may be associated with an action by (1) electronically extracting within a client device features from the electronic document work, (2) transmitting the extracted features from the client device to one or more servers, (3) receiving at the client device from the one or more servers an identification of the electronic document work based on the extracted features, wherein the identification is based on a sub-linear search (or wherein the identification is based on a non-exhaustive search identifying a neighbor), (4) electronically determining an action based on the identification of the electronic document work, and (5) electronically performing the action on the client device.

Abstract: Information about an audio or video file played on a device is provided by (a) extracting features from the audio or video file, (b) communicating the features to a database, and (c) receiving the information about the audio or video file from the database. The information might include a song title, an album title, and/or a performer name. The information might include a title of a video work, a director of the video work, and/or names of performers in the video work. The information might be rendered on an output of the device. The information might be stored (e.g., persistently) locally on the device.

Abstract: An electronic document, such as an image and a text file for example, may be associated with an action by (1) electronically extracting within a client device features from the electronic document work, (2) transmitting the extracted features from the client device to one or more servers, (3) receiving at the client device from the one or more servers an identification of the electronic document work based on the extracted features, wherein the identification is based on a sub-linear search (or wherein the identification is based on a non-exhaustive search identifying a neighbor), (4) electronically determining an action based on the identification of the electronic document work, and (5) electronically performing the action on the client device.

Abstract: A cyclopean virtual imaging system provides a view from a virtual camera placed symmetrically or midway between the calibrated cameras of a physical stereo pair. Such a system may be used in video conferencing applications as well as other stereo image contexts. By combining the left and right stereo images captured by the stereo pair, a virtual image is produced such that the subject appears to be looking into a cyclopean virtual camera, rather than to the left or right of a single physical camera. The cyclopean virtual image is generated by a forward-backward algorithm using a probabilistic distribution of possible disparity families.