Abstract: The invention concerns a method of machining the tooth flanks of substantially cylindrical, but crowning-modified gears through a diagonal generating process employing a worm-shaped tool which is modified with a crowning in the direction of its rotary axis, wherein the crowning can be positive or negative (concave crowning), wherein by matching the crowning of the tool to the diagonal ratio, a flank twist is generated by means of the tool and superimposed on the natural flank twist, such that the result of said superposition equals the flank twist required for the work piece.

Abstract: A gear grinding tool can be trued and re-profiled. The geometry of the individual profiles in the direction of the tool axis is designed so that at least more than two, preferably all, flanks of the tool are used for rough machining of the work piece flanks, and that during finishing the re-profiled flanks provided only for roughing are set back far enough so that during finishing they do not come into contact with the work piece flanks.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of machining the tooth flanks of substantially cylindrical, but crowning-modified gears through a diagonal generating process employing a worm-shaped tool which is modified with a crowning in the direction of its rotary axis, wherein the crowning can be positive or negative (concave crowning), wherein by matching the crowning of the tool to the diagonal ratio, a flank twist is generated by means of the tool and superimposed on the natural flank twist, such that the result of said superposition equals the flank twist required for the work piece.

Abstract: By coordinating the amount and course of the crowning of the tool and the diagonal ratio, a twist is created with a simple tool, and superimposed on the natural twist, thus resulting in the twist required for the work piece. Furthermore, an additional portion of the crowning is superimposed on the portion of the crowning of the work piece which is the result of the crowning of the tool during the machining in the diagonal method, thus resulting in the required crowning of the work piece, with the additional portion of the crowning being generated by changing the spacing between tool and work piece during the machining.

Abstract: A gear grinding tool can be trued and re-profiled. The geometry of the individual profiles in the direction of the tool axis is designed so that at least more than two, preferably all, flanks of the tool are used for rough machining of the work piece flanks, and that during finishing the re-profiled flanks provided only for roughing are set back far enough so that during finishing they do not come into contact with the work piece flanks.

Abstract: By coordinating the amount and course of the crowning of the tool and the diagonal ratio, a twist is created with a simple tool, and superimposed on the natural twist, thus resulting in the twist required for the work piece. Furthermore, an additional portion of the crowning is superimposed on the portion of the crowning of the work piece which is the result of the crowning of the tool during the machining in the diagonal method, thus resulting in the required crowning of the work piece, with said additional portion of the crowning being generated by changing the spacing between tool and work piece during the machining.

Abstract: A method of machining cylindrical gears with internal or external gearing on a machine with a tool wherein a gear is positioned on a machine, the gear having an axis of rotation (D). The gear is then evaluated to establish a gear guiding axis (F) and the position of the gear guiding axis (F) relative to the axis of rotation (D) is determined. The gear is machined by displacing the tool in the direction of the gear guiding axis (F).

Abstract: Method for dressing or profiling an essentially cylindrical grinding worm on a machine suitable for continuous generating grinding in the diagonal method. The method comprises providing an essentially cylindrical gear used as a dressing tool with the dressing tool being provided with an abrasive coating on that surface which is active in the dressing process and bringing the dressing tool into contact with the grinding worm and profiling at least one flank of the grinding worm in a tangential or diagonal method.

Abstract: A method of machining cylindrical gears with internal or external gearing on a machine with a tool wherein a gear is positioned on a machine, the gear having an axis of rotation (D). The gear is then evaluated to establish a gear guiding axis (F) and the position of the gear guiding axis (F) relative to the axis of rotation (D) is determined. The gear is machined by displacing the tool in the direction of the gear guiding axis (F).

Abstract: Desired crown width and offset can be obtained on the workpiece in a simple manner and with geometrically simple tools, by adjustment of tool lead modification, the axial spacing between tool and workpiece, or the angle of rotation. Tooth flanks modified to be broad-crowned can be produced with virtually any offsets in the one-flank or two-flank process. Theoretically exact results are obtained even after shifting of the tool, and the active tool length required for machining a workpiece may be freely selected over a wide range.

Abstract: A method for shaving and shave grinding tooth flanks of cylindrical workpiece gear wheels, especially, flank-line modified gear wheels, and for profiling tools needed for shave-grinding cylindrical workpiece gear wheels. During the machining of gear wheels, certain areas of the gear wheel need to be machined more so than other areas, meaning that some areas require more material to be removed than other areas. As a result, certain areas of the tool are not uniformly worn, but rather the area of the tool which removes the most material is worn more quickly than other areas of the tool. Similarly, if certain areas of the gear wheel are harder than other areas, the tool performing the actual machining will wear at a corresponding rate. The present invention avoids such non-uniform wear by providing greater areas of cutting surface on the tool performing the actual machining in the positions which are required to remove the most material, or which are required to machine the hardest surfaces of the workpiece.

Abstract: A method for machining of tooth flanks by grinding or milling respectively as to internally or externally toothed workpieces with a profile disk tool in a discontinuous indexing process. For generating flanks with complicated flank modifications it is proposed to perform during machining besides the known movements an additional movement that is composed of at least two portions, extending in different axes of the machine, whereby the individual portions are so matched that a prescribed distortion of the flanks results. There are embodiments for single flank processes and for double flank processes. It is also possible to generate topological flank modifications and flanks, of which certain parts are set back relative to the unmodified area of the flank. Basis for determining the tool- and workpiece setting data and the movements that the tool has to perform relative to the workpiece, is a simulation of the machining process on a computer.

Abstract: A method for, via skiving, finishing the flanks of the teeth of a cylinder wheel that is provided with internal or external spur or helical gearing is generated. The right and left flanks of the teeth are provided in separate operations and, to produce helix modifications, the center distance, and/or the additional rotation, of the workpiece relative to the tool are altered over the face width of the gear. During axial movement, one or at the same time several of the setting parameters center distance, offset of the tool, swivel angle, and additional rotation are automatically altered in such a way that the distortion of the flanks that would be generated at conventional skiving of crowned gears is compensated for and a tool is used for the finishing that at the right and left flanks has a cutting edge geometry that conforms to the effect on profile of the mean setting parameters that are effective during material removal by the respective cutting edge.

Abstract: A process for the discontinuous profile grinding or milling of gear wheels with wheel-type or shank-type tools which includes setting approximate parameters for the workpiece to be worked by the tool so as to avoid large profile deviations, determining by calculation or trial the profile of the workpiece following work thereon, comparing the work profile with the predetermined profile of the finished workpiece, and resetting the parameters as necessary to correspond the actual work profile with the required profile for the workpiece.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the angular position of a workpiece and for positioning the same relative to at least one tool. The workpiece has at least one set of teeth. Pulses are derived from a rotating reference workpiece and from a reference shaft which has a known gear ratio with the reference workpiece, and consequently also turns. A first phase measurement is undertaken between the pulses, the result of which is stored as the reference value. The reference workpiece is replaced with a workpiece which is to be machined and which is provided with teeth. A second phase measurement between the pulses of the refernece shaft and of the reference workpiece are undertaken in a second measuring operation. The reference value of the first phase meaasurement is compared with the result of the second phase measurement. The workpiece is turned relative to the reference shaft in conformity with the difference between the two measured values.

Abstract: The method is used for machining flanks of unhardened or hardened, spur-toothed or helical-toothed, internally toothed or externally toothed cylindrical gears by skiving. Basic rotation is produced between a tool and a workpiece. In addition, a helical motion between the tool and the workpiece is produced. The relative motion between the tool and the workpiece is executed with high accuracy, and any variations in the relative motion are corrected. The tooth number z.sub.0 of the tool, for minimizing the effect of the variations of the tool and its mounting, is fixed in such a way that, in the case of z.sub.0 .gtoreq.z.sub.2 (z.sub.2 is the tooth number of the workpiece, z.sub.0 is the tooth number of the skiving tool), the ratio i=z.sub.0 /z.sub.2, and in the case of z.sub.0 >z.sub.2, the reciprocal of the ratio 1/i=z.sub.2 /z.sub.0, result in an integral value or the ratio of two integral numbers, the amount of which is as small as possible.

Abstract: The method is used for measuring and/or controlling the position of a rotating reference element of a machine tool as a function of the position of a rotating main guide element. The two elements execute a basic movement with a transmission ratio which is constant in the ideal case. From the elements executing the basic movements pulse sequences are derived and their frequencies are made equal. The reference element executes an additional movement which, compared with the basic movement, occurs slowly and is predetermined as a function of the position of another moving element. To superimpose the additional movement, at least one of the signals describing the basic movement is shifted in phase relative to the reference element and a phase comparison is executed between the signals obtained, in such a manner that the resolution of the phase shift is distinctly finer than the distance between adjacent pulses of the signals derived from the main guide element and from the reference element.